近年来，共和党人在一份最新的国会报告中提出，数以十亿美元计的联邦研究资金，在过去十年推动了中国军事技术的进步。中美学术界的合作产生了与高超音速、定向能、核物理和高能物理、人工智能及自主技术相关的高水平研究论文。共和党人担心，若与中国爆发冲突，这些信息可能会被用于对抗美国。
报告指出了部分合作研究涉及诸如高性能爆炸物、目标追踪和无人机网络等军事应用领域。根据国会议员的调查，国防部（DOD）或情报机构资助的约9000篇联合研究报告中，有近一半的共同作者与中国“国防与安全体系”有着直接关联，其中包含商务部黑名单上的实体。
报告摘要提到：“这些研究资金旨在催生能最终用于保护美国免受敌对国家攻击的应用战事和情报能力。然而，DOD和IC资助的研究实际上提供了通往威胁到我们能力保护国家安全的对手国的后门。”
在中美关系紧张之际，一名十岁日本男孩在中国学校附近被刺身亡。
报告指出，在2000多篇由国防部资助并涉及中国共同作者的论文中，这些作者直接与中国的国防研究和工业基础有关联。为此，建议强化对联邦研究项目的规定，并限制获得美国研究基金的研究人员与中国大学及具有军事联系的公司进行合作。
委员会声称，中国已实施一项旨在通过与顶级美国高校合作、转移美国技术并规避政府黑名单的战略。报告列举了六个案例研究，包括卡内基研究所地球与行星实验室、加州大学洛杉矶分校和加州大学伯克利分校等机构，在这些案例中，中美学者之间的合作导致中国在第四代核武器技术、人工智能、先进激光、石墨烯半导体及机器人技术等领域取得进展。
这其中包括清华大学-伯克利深圳学院、乔治亚理工-深圳学院以及四川大学匹兹堡学院这类联合研究机构。在美国学术界参与联邦资助项目的研究员经常到中国进行合作研究，指导中国学者，并传授专业知识，同时为当地企业提供咨询。
委员会发现，这些合作导致了美国高等教育机构在不知情或未经报备的情况下接受了大量外国捐款。报告中提到，“这些未公开的外币捐赠总额可能达到数亿甚至数十亿美元，这给中共提供了巨大的影响力而缺乏透明度，并助长了构成国家安全风险的研究关系。”
为应对这一挑战，委员会建议通过「防堵法案」，该法案已经在众议院获得通过但尚未在参议院得到审议。这项法案旨在扩大政府对外国教育机构的监督与报告要求。
众议员约翰·穆勒纳尔表示：“我们还必须禁止与黑名单实体的研究合作、实施更严格的技术研究规则，并通过「防堵法案」来问责美国大学。”
北卡罗来纳州众议员维吉尼亚·福克斯说，她的教育和劳动力委员会多年来一直在推动加强对外国投资的透明度。她强调了这份报告对加强高校监督的重要性。
“这些发现进一步证实了我们需要采取行动的理由。我们的研究机构有责任避免与中国共产党迫害人权行为或危害国家安全企图有关的合作。”
通过这项工作，美国政府与学术界共同致力于保护国家利益和维护国际秩序。
新闻来源：www.foxnews.com
原文地址：Hundreds of millions of US research dollars may have aided Chinese military technology, GOP-led report says
新闻日期：2024-09-23
原文摘要：
House Republicans argue in a new congressional report that hundreds of millions of dollars in federal research funding over the last decade has contributed to China’s military technological advancements. Collaborations between U.S. and Chinese academics have led to research publications related to advanced research on topics like hypersonics, directed energy, nuclear and high energy physics, and artificial intelligence and autonomy. That information, Republicans argue, could be weaponized against the U.S. in the event of war with China. Some of the collaborative research they identified related to military applications like high-performance explosives, tracking of targets and drone operation networks. The House Select Committee on China Competition, together with the Education and Workforce Committee, found some 9,000 joint research publications that were funded either through the Department of Defense (DOD) or the Intelligence Community (IC) published by co-authors with ties to China’s "defense and security apparatus," including entities that are on a Commerce Department blacklist. "The purpose of that research funding is to generate advancements that will eventually become applied warfighting and intelligence capabilities to protect America against adversarial nations," a summary of the report states. "Yet the research that the DOD and the IC are funding is providing back-door access to the very foreign adversary nation whose aggression these capabilities are necessary to protect against." 10-YEAR-OLD JAPANESE BOY DIES AFTER STABBING NEAR HIS SCHOOL IN CHINA More than 2,000 DOD-funded papers included Chinese co-authors who were directly affiliated with China's defense research and industrial base, according to the report. The report recommends stricter guidelines around federally funded research, including cutting back on the ability of researchers who receive U.S. grants to work with Chinese universities and companies that have military ties. Under the guise of academic cooperation, the committees say China has orchestrated a campaign to pair with prestigious U.S. universities to transfer U.S. technologies and expertise back to China and circumvent government blackists. In six case studies, covering research institutions including Carnegie Institution’s Earth & Planets Laboratory, UCLA and U.C. Berkeley, lawmakers found Chinese researchers who collaborated with U.S. academia and took knowledge they learned back home to help China "achieve advancements in fourth-generation nuclear weapons technology, artificial intelligence, advanced lasers, graphene semiconductors, and robotics." Three such collaborations are the Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Georgia Tech Shenzhen Institute and Sichuan University-Pittsburgh Institute. Under the joint institutes, American academics, many of whom conduct federally funded research, travel to China to collaborate on research, advise Chinese scholars, teach Chinese students and advise companies on their expertise. NAVY PREPARES FOR CHINA CONFLICT WITH NEW STRATEGY After engaging with the committees on the investigation, Georgia Tech decided to dissolve its joint institute and cut back its collaboration with Tianjin University. Georgia Tech announced earlier this month that partnering with Tianjin had become "untenable" due to the university’s spot on the Commerce Department blacklist. A committee aide revealed that after the report came out, Berkeley announced it would terminate its ownership of the Chinese institute, in part due to a lack of transparency around research being conducted by affiliates of other institutions. The committees uncovered "significant failures" in the reporting of foreign funding by Georgia Tech and Berkeley and claimed enforcement of the foreign gift reporting under the Biden administration had been an "abject failure." "The Biden-Harris Department of Education has failed to open a single enforcement action under Section 117 of the Higher Education Act in the last four years, despite widespread evidence of lack of reporting," the report said. "These undisclosed foreign gifts — likely hundreds of millions, if not billions in total — gives PRC entities troubling influence without transparency and contribute to building the research relationships that pose risks to U.S. national security." The report also recommended passage of the Deterrent Act, a bill that passed the House last year but has yet to be taken up by the Senate. It would expand government oversight and reporting requirements related to foreign institutes in education. "We also must ban research collaboration with blacklisted entities, enact stricter guardrails on emerging technology research, and hold American universities accountable through passing the Deterrent Act," Rep. John Moolenaar, R-Mich.., chairman of the China subcommittee said in a statement. CLICK HERE TO GET THE FOX NEWS APP Rep. Virginia Foxx, R-N.C., chair of the committee on Education and Workforce, said her committee for years had "pushed for greater transparency regarding foreign investment in American universities." "This investigation just further proved why it’s necessary," Foxx said. "Our research universities have a responsibility to avoid any complicity in the CCP’s atrocious human rights abuses or attempts to undermine our national security."
