华盛顿——美商务部周一提议禁止美国道路上使用关键中国软件及硬件，此举可能使中国汽车及卡车全面退出美国市场，并涉及国家安全担忧。路透社首次报道了这一计划。新规将要求在未来几年内，在美国销售的车辆中移除中国关键软件和硬件，并影响全球主要汽车制造商。
美国总统乔·拜登政府对联接在中国车辆上收集的美国司机及基础设施数据，以及互联网与导航系统联网车辆可能被国外操控表示关切。今年2月，白宫下令展开调查。
预计禁止措施将禁止中国汽车制造商在美测试自动驾驶车辆，并延伸至从俄罗斯采购的软件和硬件，未来还能扩展到其他美国对手国。提议的限制在2027款车型中开始实施软性禁令，在2030款或2029年1月开始执行硬性禁令。
商务部给予公众30天时间评论这一提议，并希望于2024年1月最终确定规则。该法规适用于所有道路上行驶的车辆，但不包括公共道路之外使用的农业或采矿车、无人机以及火车。美国进口到国内的中国汽车和轻型卡车数量相对较少。
美商部部长吉娜·雷蒙多指出：“我们采取行动是为防止与中国及俄罗斯相关联的供应商、汽车制造商和零部件在美普及之前进行，我们要避免风险变得更加严重。”
几乎所有现代汽车都是通过车载网络硬件连接互联网，允许与车内外设备共享数据。商务部声称这一规定本质上是对所有中国制造的车辆实施禁令，但同时允许中国汽车制造商申请特定豁免。
商务部信息技术及通信部门负责人丽兹·卡万表示：“目前看来，在美国销售的任何在中国制造的车辆都将受到禁令影响。”
白宫国家安全顾问杰克·苏利文透露：“我们有确凿证据显示中国在关键美国基础设施中部署了恶意软件。数百万辆车运行，每辆寿命10-15年的时间周期内，这种干扰和破坏的风险显著增加。”
中国外交部发言人林建称：“我们呼吁华盛顿尊重市场原则，为中国企业提供开放、公平、透明、无歧视的商业环境，并坚决捍卫我们的正当权益。”
汽车创新联盟是一个代表包括通用、丰田、大众及现代等大型制造商的团体。该组织表示部分厂商可能需要更多时间来符合新规要求。他们强调来自中国的连接车辆硬件与软件“进入美国非常有限”，但规则将要求汽车制造商在某些情况下寻找替代供应商。
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以上为优化翻译后的中文内容，保持了原文的核心信息和结构，并调整以适应中国人的阅读习惯。
新闻来源：www.nbcnews.com
原文地址：Biden proposes banning Chinese technology from ‘connected cars’ on U.S. roads
新闻日期：2024-09-24
原文摘要：
WASHINGTON — The U.S. Commerce Department on Monday proposed prohibiting key Chinese software and hardware in connected vehicles on American roads due to national security concerns, a move that would effectively bar Chinese cars and trucks from the U.S. market. The planned regulation, first reported by Reuters, would also force American and other major automakers in years ahead to remove key Chinese software and hardware from vehicles in the United States. President Joe Biden’s administration has raised concerns about data collection by connected Chinese vehicles on U.S. drivers and infrastructure and potential foreign manipulation of vehicles connected to the internet and navigation systems. In February, the White House ordered an investigation. The proposed prohibitions would prevent testing of self-driving cars on U.S. roads by Chinese automakers and extend to vehicle software and hardware produced by Russia and could be extended to other U.S. adversaries. The proposal would make software prohibitions effective in the 2027 model year. The hardware ban would take effect in the 2030 model year or January 2029. The Commerce Department is giving the public 30 days to comment on the proposal and hopes to finalize it by Jan. 20. The rules would cover all on-road vehicles but exclude agricultural or mining vehicles not used on public roads, as well as drones and trains. There are relatively few Chinese-made cars or light-duty trucks imported into the U.S. Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo said the department is acting “before suppliers, automakers and car components linked to China or Russia become commonplace and widespread ... We’re not going to wait until our roads are filled with cars and the risk is extremely significant.” Nearly all newer cars and trucks are considered “connected” with onboard network hardware for internet access, allowing sharing of data with devices inside and outside the vehicle. The Commerce Department said the rule would amount to a ban on all vehicles manufactured in China but would allow Chinese automakers to seek “specific authorizations” for exemptions. “We anticipate at this point that any vehicle that is manufactured in China and sold in the U.S. would fall within the prohibitions,” said Liz Cannon, who heads the Commerce Department’s information and communications technology office. She added the regulation would force General Motors and Ford Motor to stop selling vehicles imported from China in the U.S. The U.S. has ample evidence of China prepositioning malware in critical American infrastructure, White House National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan told the briefing. “With potentially millions of vehicles on the road, each with 10- to 15-year lifespans, the risk of disruption and sabotage increases dramatically,” Sullivan said. Chinese Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Lin Jian said China urges Washington “to respect market principles and provide Chinese companies with an open, fair, transparent and non-discriminatory business environment. China will firmly safeguard its legitimate rights and interests.” The Alliance for Automotive Innovation, a group representing major automakers including GM, Toyota, Volkswagen and Hyundai, said some automakers may need more time to comply. The group said there is “very little” connected vehicle hardware or software “that enters the U.S. from China. But this rule will require auto manufacturers in some cases to find alternate suppliers.”
