在周三的新闻发布会上，中国宣布成功地将一枚洲际弹道导弹发射至太平洋区域进行测试，在这一极为罕见的公开测试中，随着中国在其与美国紧张关系时期加强核武库建设的消息引发了国际关注。
据中国人民解放军国防部的一份声明称，这枚携带模拟弹头的洲际弹道导弹于当地时间8:44分（即前一晚20:44分美国东部时间）发射升空。该声明还补充指出，此测试在预定海域的公海上准确落地。
此次导弹的具体飞行轨迹及坠落地点目前不明。国防部声称，本次测试是火箭部队年度军事训练的一个例行部分，并且符合国际法律和实践标准，并非针对任何特定国家或目标。
对此，分析人士指出这是自1980年以来中国首次发射洲际弹道导弹进入公海区域进行测试。美国卡耐基国际和平基金会核武器专家Ankit Panda在社交媒体X上表示：“除非我错过了什么信息，我认为这几乎是很久以来的第一次（并以这种方式被宣布）。”他认为，国防部将其描述为例行年度测试“看起来很不寻常”，因为这种常规和年度的行为并非中国通常所为。
据新华社报道，相关国家已事先接到通知。官方媒体《环球时报》报导称，在纽约举办的联合国大会期间，此次发射测试了武器性能以及军事训练的有效性，并达到了预期目标。
日本政府发言人Yoshimasa Hayashi表示，当局正在核实发射的详情，但确认该导弹并未飞越日本领空，且未收到任何破坏报告。他还指出，中国在没有足够透明的情况下迅速扩大核武库和导弹装备，并增加防务开支。他提到，近几个月来，中国对日本进行更频繁的军事活动，并引述称，在上个月，中国军机不寻常地侵入了日本空域。
他表示，“中国军事行动的发展及其缺乏透明度已引起日本和国际社会的重大关注”。
洲际弹道导弹通常拥有超过3400英里的射程，并被设计用于搭载核武器。分析人员表示，中国通常会在其领土上测试远程导弹。
中国人民解放军火箭部队负责监管中国的常规与核武导弹，这被认为是美国认为的亚太地区最大的安全威胁及长期的主要挑战。
去年，火箭部队的负责人及其副手在经过数月未公开露面后遭到大规模领导层调整后被替换。接替他们的两位军官此前并未在部队服役，这一举动被视为对军事力量运作方式的强烈突破，专家指出这可能表明了北京方面对军方运作存在担忧。
中国的核武力建设和整个军事系统均以中共总书记习近平的目标为指导，即到2049年建立一支世界一流的军队。据斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究所6月发布的年度评估报告，中国核武库的弹头数量从2023年1月的410枚增长至2024年1月的500枚。
相比之下，美国拥有约3708枚处于活跃状态的核弹头，俄罗斯则拥有全球最大的武器库，共有4380枚核武弹头。中国坚持不首先使用核武器政策，而美国并无此规定。
但去年年底的一份五角大楼报告指出，中国的核武建设速度远超美方预期，并预测至2035年中国核武头数将几乎增加三倍达到1500枚以上。中国在7月暂停了与美国的军控谈判以抗议美国向台湾（北京宣称其领土的一部分）出售武器。
中国周三的这次测试发生在亚太地区军事活动显著升级之际，北韩自2022年开始加速武器测试。上星期，北韩两次发射短程弹道导弹至海上区域。北韩声称这是对美、韩等国加强联合军事演习的回应，后者将其视为入侵前的彩排。
中国不断加大对台湾（一个自主治理的民主实体，被北京认为是其领土的一部分）的军事压力，频繁派遣军舰和战斗机进行近日常态化的行动，仅在本周三就据台湾防务部报告有23架解放军飞机出现。在中国声称对南海拥有的战略要地提出全部主权要求下，一系列涉及与中国存在领土争议的国家（特别是美国盟友菲律宾）之间的对抗事件也频发。
美国今年早些时候在菲律宾部署了一个先进的导弹系统，中国视其为威胁。
新闻来源：www.nbcnews.com
原文地址：China test-fires ICBM into the Pacific Ocean for the first time in decades
新闻日期：2024-09-25
原文摘要：
China said Wednesday that it had successfully test-fired an intercontinental ballistic missile into the Pacific Ocean, in a rare public test that may raise international concerns as the country builds up its nuclear arsenal at a time of tensions with the United States. The People’s Liberation Army Rocket Force launched the ICBM carrying a simulated warhead at 8:44 a.m. local time (8:44 p.m. Tuesday ET), the Chinese defense ministry said in a statement, adding that it accurately landed in a predetermined area of the high seas. The path of the missile and the exact place it fell were unclear. The ministry said the test was a routine part of the Rocket Force’s annual military training. “It is in line with international law and international practice and is not directed against any country or target,” it said. But analysts said this was the first time China had launched an ICBM into international waters since 1980. “Unless I’m missing something, I think this is essentially the first time this has happened (and been announced as such) in a long time,” Ankit Panda, a nuclear weapons expert at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, said in a post on X. China’s description of the test as routine and annual “seems odd,” Panda said, “given that they don’t do this sort thing either routinely or annually.” Relevant countries were notified in advance, according to Xinhua, China’s state-run news agency. The launch, which came during the annual United Nations General Assembly in New York, “tested weaponry performance and military training effectiveness and achieved desired goals,” Xinhua reported, citing the defense ministry. The Japanese government’s top spokesperson, Yoshimasa Hayashi, said Wednesday that officials were still confirming the details of the launch but that the missile did not appear to have passed over Japan and there were no reports of damage. He said Japan had not been informed in advance. Hayashi said China was rapidly expanding its nuclear and missile arsenal and increasing its defense expenditures without sufficient transparency. He said there was also greater and more frequent Chinese military activity around Japan, a U.S. treaty ally that has also been expanding its defense budget, citing what Japan said was an unprecedented incursion into its airspace last month by a Chinese warplane. “These developments in China’s military activities, combined with their lack of transparency, have become a matter of serious concern for Japan and for the international community,” he said. ICBMs typically have a range of more than 3,400 miles and are designed to carry nuclear warheads. Analysts say China usually tests long-range missiles over its own land. The PLA Rocket Force oversees both conventional and nuclear missiles for China, which the U.S. considers its main threat in the Asia-Pacific region and its greatest security challenge in the long term. Last year, the Rocket Force’s chief and his deputy were replaced in a major shake-up of the elite force’s leadership, after not being seen in public for months. The two officers who replaced them had not previously served in the force, in a dramatic break with practice that experts said suggested there were concerns in Beijing about how the force was being run. China’s nuclear forces and its military as a whole have been undergoing rapid modernization in accordance with President Xi Jinping’s goal of having a “world class” military by 2049. The number of warheads in China’s nuclear arsenal grew from 410 in January 2023 to 500 in January 2024, according to an annual assessment released in June by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. That compares with 3,708 active nuclear warheads in the U.S. and 4,380 in Russia, which has the world’s largest arsenal. China adheres to a “no first use” policy on nuclear weapons, while the U.S. does not. But a Pentagon report last year said China was building up its nuclear arsenal faster than U.S. officials had predicted, and that it was on track to almost quadruple the number of warheads it has to 1,500 by 2035. China suspended nuclear arms talks with the U.S. in July to protest U.S. arms sales to Taiwan, a self-governing democracy that Beijing claims as its territory. China’s test on Wednesday comes amid heightened military activity in the Asia-Pacific region, where nuclear-armed North Korea has accelerated its weapons testing since 2022. Last week, North Korea fired several short-range ballistic missiles toward the sea for the second time this month. North Korea says its weapons tests are in response to intensifying joint military exercises among the U.S., South Korea and others that it sees as a rehearsal for invasion. Taiwan is under increasing military pressure from China, which sends warships and warplanes toward the island in near-daily sorties, including 23 PLA planes that Taiwan’s defense ministry said it had detected Wednesday. In the South China Sea, a strategically important shipping route that Beijing claims virtually in its entirety, there have been a series of confrontations between China and other countries with which it has territorial disputes, particularly U.S. treaty ally the Philippines. The U.S. also deployed an advanced missile system in the Philippines earlier this year that China sees as a threat.
