中华人民共和国军队于周三向太平洋海域发射了洲际弹道导弹，引发了周边地区的安全忧虑。此地本已因中国领土主张与美国的竞争而紧张氛围加剧。
据国防部在社交媒体发布的一份声明，此次发射使用了假想的战斗头，并落在指定海区，属于人民解放军火箭军例行年度训练的一部分，符合国际法规，未指向任何国家或目标。
声明明确指出，这一活动按照既定计划进行，正常遵守了相关国际法律规范。但关于中国如此距离外测试的频率尚不清楚，在1980年，中国曾向南太平洋发射过洲际导弹。
此前有报道指出，美国以及非政府组织认为中国正在扩大其导弹井规模，不过具体增加的数量和核弹头数量并未公开。
中华人民共和国军队，作为执政共产党军事力量的延伸，管理着中国的航天计划，已建立轨道站，并雄心勃勃地规划在月球设立基地、登陆火星载人探测器等长远目标。航天技术是中国从主要全球强国发展中的重要一环，推动了民族主义和经济增长，使其成为世界第二大经济体。
美国是中国在全球范围内的主要对手，但日本、台湾、菲律宾以及一些其他国家与中国的领土争端时有发生，偶尔可能升级为军事冲突。
中国坚持其核武器“不首先使用”政策，同时对区域主导地位的渴望日益增长。
中国在国际水域内测试洲际导弹的情况较为罕见。基于华盛顿核威胁倡议组织的历史报告和专家观点来看，上一次这样的测试可能是1980年5月，当时发射了DF-5导弹进入南太平洋。
通常情况下，中国从东部海岸向西部沙漠发射导弹，但这次试验性发射进入了国际水域则是不寻常的举动，类似于美国对其弹道导弹舰队的测试方式。
专家指出，多年未进行此类测试后突然重启具有重要意义。中国此举是告诉世界：“就像你们一样，我们并不羞于拥有核武器，并且将会像一个强大的核大国行事。”
此次发射正值联合国大会在纽约召开之际，中国作为安理会五个常任理事国之一及人权和符合其威权体制的相关部门的关键影响力寻求者，参与其中。
今年一系列腐败案涉及火箭部队高层官员以及两位前国防部长被捕，指控其行为不当。如今这一测试行动可能是党对国内外显示力量和领导力决心的方式之一，同时也是经济放缓期间向国内民众提供保证的一种手段。
有分析认为，“美国与中国正处于一场仿佛是军备竞赛的新时代”，而中国正采取一系列措施来确保自身的军事系统效能，并展示给世界，以此加强其作为核大国的地位。随着台湾局势的持续紧张以及菲律宾对来自美国部署在北吕宋地区的中程导弹系统的依赖性增强（名为“泰风”），这一事件引起了周边国家的关注。
在与中国相关的领土争端中，日本、台湾和韩国都保持着强固的防御体系，包括预警系统和防空洞。对此进行了积极的应对与准备。
文章由来自迪拜的美联社记者Jon Gambrell，来自马尼拉的Jim Gomez以及东京的Mari Yamaguchi提供新闻支持。
新闻来源：www.abcnews.go.com
原文地址：China test-fires an intercontinental ballistic missile into the Pacific Ocean
新闻日期：2024-09-25
原文摘要：
China test-fired an intercontinental ballistic missile into the Pacific Ocean on Wednesday, stirring security concerns in the region already tense over Beijing's territorial claims and rivalry with the U.S. The ICBM carried a dummy warhead and fell into a designated area of the sea, the Defense Ministry said in a statement posted to social media. The launch by the People's Liberation Army's Rocket Force was part of routine annual training, complied with international law and was not directed against any country or target, according to the statement. It is unclear how often China conducts tests over such a distance. In 1980, China launched an ICBM into the South Pacific. A map published in Chinese newspapers at the time showed the target area as roughly a circle in the center of a ring formed by the Solomon Islands, Nauru, the Gilbert Islands, Tuvalu, western Samoa, Fiji and the New Hebrides. The U.S. and non-governmental organizations have said China has been building up its missile silos, but it's unclear how many missiles and nuclear warheads it has added to its arsenal. The People's Liberation Army, which functions as the ruling Communist Party's military wing, runs China's space program, which has established an orbital station and has ambitions to set up a Moon base and land a spacecraft on Mars. Rocketry has long been part of China's development into a major global power, spurring nationalism and growth that has made China the world's second-largest economy. The U.S. remains China’s main global rival, although Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines and others have territorial disputes with Beijing that occasionally threaten to develop into military clashes. China maintains a “no first use” of nuclear weapons policy, even as its desire for regional predominance grows. Tests of China’s intercontinental ballistic missiles into international waters are rare. Experts and a historical survey of China’s program by the Washington-based Nuclear Threat Initiative suggest the last occurred in May 1980. That test saw China launch its DF-5 missile into the South Pacific. China typically launches missiles toward its western deserts from its east coast, said James Acton, the co-director of the Nuclear Policy Program and a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. The fact that China launched a test that splashed down in international waters was unusual, but mirrors testing that the United States does for its own ballistic missile fleet. "When they haven’t done something for 44 years and then they do it, that’s significant,” Acton told The Associated Press. “It’s China’s way of telling us, ‘Like you, we’re not ashamed we have nuclear weapons and we’re going to behave like a great nuclear power.’” The launch came amid the ongoing United Nations General Assembly in New York. China is one of five veto-holding permanent members of the U.N.'s Security Council and has sought to gain influence over its key departments involving human rights and that align with its authoritarian system. A series of corruption arrests this year ensnared several leading officers in the Rocket Force, alongside the detentions of two previous defense ministers amid allegations of misconduct. A test launch now could both provide assurances to China's population amid an economic downtown and a signal to the world that the party remains firmly in control and is determined to rise to global prominence. “We’re entering a new age. We’re entering an age where the U.S. and China are engulfed in what feel like an arms race,” said Jeffrey Lewis, a missile expert at the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies in the U.S. “The Chinese government always prioritized diplomatic issues over operational readiness. It’s just a different China. It’s a China that does not feel constrained,” he said. “There’s a renewed emphasis on assuring themselves these systems work and demonstrating to others they work,” Lewis added. Meanwhile, tensions remain high over Taiwan, and with the Philippines, where the U.S. Army has deployed its new mid-range missile system, known as Typhon, to Northern Luzon. On Wednesday, two Filipino officials said the U.S. and the Philippines have agreed to keep the system there indefinitely to deter China. “I don’t know what’s the plan, but if I were to be followed, if I were given the choice, I would like to have the Typhon here in the Philippines forever because we need it for our defense,” said Gen. Romeo Brawner Jr., the head of the Philippines’ military. Defense officials in Japan and Taiwan declined to comment directly on the Chinese announcement. Both, along with South Korea, maintain robust defenses against Chinese moves, including early warning systems and air raid shelters. ___ Associated Press writers Jon Gambrell in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, Jim Gomez in Manila, Philippines and Mari Yamaguchi in Tokyo contributed to this report.
