美国与中国的当前关系让大部分华人美国人感到消极，这一调查结果显示几乎三分之二的人认为这种争议性的关联会影响其他美国人对他们的态度。随着选举的升温，中美关系成为辩论和竞选平台的重要议题，研究人员认为这些发现尤其令人担忧。
这项由中华美洲公民参与非营利组织“百人会”（Committee of 100）与芝加哥大学国家资源中心（NORC）联合发表的研究，在3月对504名华人美国人进行了抽样调查。本次调研通过电话、中文和粤语以及网络方式进行，内容覆盖文化认同、接受度、政治参与度及中美关系等多方面。
研究发现，有54%的华人美国人认为美国与中国的当前关系在一定程度上产生了“负面”影响，使华裔人士遭受不公平对待；另外10%的人表示这种环境对华人群体产生的是“非常负面”的效果。只有约3%的人认为两国之间的情况给社区带来了积极的影响。
“公众话语和表达方式正在影响着与陌生人、熟人，甚至同事之间的关系。”洛约拉-玛丽蒙特大学（Loyola Marymount University）的政治学助理教授，也是这项研究的合著者之一，纳森·陈说道，“这种现象渗透到了普通华人美国人的日常生活中。”
此外，超80%的华人美国人对2024年总统候选人在讨论中美关系时所使用的言论感到“至少有一点”担忧。他们担心政治领导人使用的言辞可能引导追随者的歧视行为。
特朗普竞选团队通讯主任史蒂文·陈（Steven Cheung）并未直接评论这份研究的结果，但通过电子邮件指出：“媒体应当关注中国共产党带来的真正威胁。该党正在利用气球监视我们的国家、购买美国农田、破坏制造业、窃取美国知识产权并削弱工人工资。”
美国副总统卡玛拉·哈里斯竞选团队对评论请求未予回应。
拜登-哈里斯政府在2021年发布了一项备忘录，批评针对亚裔美国人的种族歧视言论，并指出联邦政府应承认政治领导人采取的行动加剧了这些排外情绪。该备忘录表示：“此类声明激发了无根据的恐惧，延续了对亚洲美国人和太平洋岛国的污名，导致针对亚太裔人士的欺凌、骚扰和仇恨犯罪事件增加。”
研究作者纳森·陈指出，令人担忧的是“华人美国人的广泛群体正在成为责难对象，并受到怀疑的目光。”媒体在报道中美关系时所使用的言辞也至关重要。近三分之二的受访者表示认为美国媒体报道中使用的相关言论对陌生人对待他们的态度产生了负面影响。
纽约市非营利组织“亚洲美国人联合会”（Asian American Federation）负责人乔-安·刘表示，过于简化的表述常导致“对中国社区的广泛概括”，例如将“中国人”一词用于指代“中国政府”。她还指出，限制中国公民在特定州购房的地方法案可能影响了华人社区。约三分之二了解相关立法努力的人认为这种做法对其个人待遇产生了负面影响。
乔-安·刘表示研究结果反映了当地社区中的讨论，并提及围绕土地禁令和今年生效的针对TikTok的禁止措施等话题，该社区成员正因紧张的中美关系担忧自身安全问题。“人们可能因为语言障碍而误解我们的群体，但这并不代表我们愚蠢。我们仍在经历反亚裔暴力，亲眼见证着这种对中国情绪的影响。”她强调道，“这是第二次的亚洲仇恨。”
尽管如此，这份研究也显示华人美国人对某些领域的合作仍持乐观态度，如学生交流、气候变化、贸易及传染病扩散等仍有共识。学者呼吁领导人应谨慎使用言辞，避免针对中国或广泛引起怀疑的行为。
“政治家们有责任识别政府之间存在的紧张关系，并以小心的言论表达方式行事，避免指向特定群体或投下疑云。”陈说道，“不管这些强硬对华政策的意图如何，它们对华人美国人的对待造成了意想不到的影响。”
新闻来源：www.nbcnews.com
原文地址：64% of Chinese Americans think tense U.S.-China relations affects how others treat them
新闻日期：2024-09-25
原文摘要：
Most Chinese Americans feel that the current relationship between the U.S. and China is a negative one, and almost two-thirds think that such contentious relations can affect how other Americans treat them, a new study shows. With the election heating up and the topic of U.S.-China relations factoring heavily in debates and candidates’ platforms, researchers say the results are particularly concerning. For the study, released jointly by Chinese American civic engagement nonprofit Committee of 100 and NORC at the University of Chicago, researchers sampled 504 Chinese Americans in March. The surveys were conducted over the phone, in English and both Mandarin and Cantonese dialects, as well as online, and touched on a number of topics, from cultural identity and acceptance to political engagement and U.S.-China relations. Researchers found that 54% of Chinese Americans felt that the current relationship between the U.S. and China has had a “somewhat negative” impact on how those of Chinese descent are treated. Another 10% said the current environment had a “very negative” effect on the group. Only about 3% felt that current relations between the two countries had a positive impact on the community. “Rhetoric and language is impacting relationships with how strangers treat them, acquaintances even treat them, co-workers and colleagues,” said Nathan Chan, a co-author of the study and an assistant professor of political science at Loyola Marymount University. “This is really infiltrating into the lives of everyday Chinese Americans.” Additionally, more than 80% of Chinese Americans are “at least a little” concerned about the rhetoric used by 2024 presidential candidates when discussing U.S.-China relations, fearful that language used by political leaders could lead to discrimination from their followers, the study showed. Steven Cheung, communications director for former President Donald Trump’s campaign, did not address the study findings, but said in an email that the “media should focus on the real dangers posed by the Chinese Communist Party, which is using spy balloons to surveil our country, buying up American farmland, crippling our manufacturing industry, stealing American intellectual property, and undercutting our workers.” The campaign of Vice President Kamala Harris, the Democratic presidential nominee, did not respond to a request for comment. But the Biden-Harris administration published a memorandum in 2021 condemning the use of racist rhetoric toward Asian Americans. “The Federal Government must recognize that it has played a role in furthering these xenophobic sentiments through the actions of political leaders, including references to the COVID-19 pandemic by the geographic location of its origin,” the memorandum said. “Such statements have stoked unfounded fears and perpetuated stigma about Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders and have contributed to increasing rates of bullying, harassment, and hate crimes against AAPI persons.” Chan pointed to policies like the controversial Trump-era surveillance program the China Initiative and the former president’s language around economic espionage. The China Initiative, which expired in 2022, was intended to curb Chinese economic and technological espionage. However, it was accused of prompting racial profiling toward Asian scholars in the U.S. Earlier this month, the House passed a bill to revive the program. In a video released last year, Trump praised his own administration’s handling of espionage from China, adding that the efforts would be “expanded in a very, very big way” if he returns to the White House. “Instead of hunting down Republicans, a reformed FBI and Justice Department will be hunting down Chinese spies,” Trump, the Republican presidential nominee, said in the video. Chan said that the “rhetoric is not doing any good for a large swath of Chinese Americans that are then being scapegoated or held under a suspicious lens.” The way in which China has been covered in the news also matters, the study showed. About two-thirds of respondents said they felt that the rhetoric used by U.S. media when reporting on the issue negatively affects how strangers treat them. Jo-Ann Yoo, who heads New York City-based Asian American nonprofit Asian American Federation, said that too often, language used by media has been imprecise, leading to “sweeping generalizations” about the Chinese community. “The Chinese,” for example, has too often replaced references to “the Chinese government,” she said. Land restrictions, like in Florida, that limit Chinese citizens from buying property, could be affecting the Chinese community as well. The study showed that two-thirds of those who have heard of the legislative efforts said they think it has a negative impact on how they’re treated. Yoo said the study’s results reflect discussions she’s heard in the local community. Citing discussions around the land bans and the looming TikTok ban, which was signed into law earlier this year in an effort to combat Chinese influence, Yoo said those in the heavily immigrant community are unsure of their safety amid contentious relations. “People think because there might be a language barrier, that our community is stupid. We’re not stupid. We are still living in times of anti-Asian violence, and we are watching all of this anti- China sentiment unfold,” Yoo said. “This is Asian hate 2.0.” But Chinese Americans are still optimistic, the study showed. Overwhelming majorities of the group still feel that the countries can cooperate on student exchange programs, climate change, trade and the spread of infectious diseases. But it’s up to leaders, Chan said. “There are ways in which politicians can identify issues of tension between governments, carefully using rhetoric without targeting and casting a wide net of suspicion,” Chan said. “Regardless of the intention of these tough-on-China policies, there are unintended consequences on the treatment of Chinese Americans.”
