美国总统乔·拜登与越南国家主席阮富仲于周三举行会谈，旨在加深两国在东南亚这个亚洲重要制造基地的关系，并抗衡它们与中国和俄罗斯之间的密切联系。
这次会面是在纽约举行的联合国大会上进行的双边会议之一。美国官员表示，他们讨论了去年建立的战略伙伴关系的加速执行方案，并强调两国近期投资在半导体、供应链以及在网络安全领域的前所未有的合作情况。
阮富仲对拜登将越南与美国的关系提升至新的历史水平作出了赞扬，指出拜登对此所作的贡献。拜登则表示，在双方开始新的关系阶段后的一年里，越南和美国已经在半导体产业、供应链优化和网络信息安全方面进行了实质性投资，并实现了显著进展。
他表示，两国在维护航行自由及遵循国际法上立场一致。阮富仲也表示，越南正迎来发展的新纪元并强调与美国的友好关系及其可靠合作伙伴的地位。他还承诺将坚定不移地推进其独立自主、多元外交的外交政策。
为了提升与美国的关系，并为华盛顿移除越南“非市场经济体”（Non-Market Economy）地位铺路，阮富仲在纽约会晤了包括Meta在内的多家美国企业高管，并请求他们支持越南的这一立场。他也呼吁与美国深化半导体供应链合作。
拜登于去年访问越南时已经确保达成了关于半导体及矿产领域的协议，并升级两国间的外交关系，尽管存在对越南人权问题的担忧。加州共和党议员米歇尔·斯蒂尔在会前写信给拜登，要求他直接讨论在阮富仲领导下越南的人权状况。
对于越南是否继续被列为“非市场经济体”的讨论，美国官员表示，双方还探讨了广泛的经济合作，并计划进一步加强与越南的合作。当提及中国时，双方领导人承认越南所面临的复杂国际环境。
据一位美国高级官员透露，拜登与阮富仲意识到胡志明市在面对邻近国家挑战时需要谨慎和战略性的外交策略，并认识到美国是其一个战略性伙伴。
夏威夷的防务研究机构印欧亚太安全研究中心（Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies）越南问题专家亚历山大·武文指出，此次会晤对于阮富仲而言至关重要。这有助于他在8月被确认为越南国家最高领导层后稳固其权力地位。
他认为，这一会面反映了越南在大国之间保持平衡的外交立场：不仅刚访问了中国并会见了俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京，而且与美国发展关系对于美国的亚洲政策尤为重要。
阮富仲于周二在联合国大会上发表演讲，并计划对古巴进行短期访问，这是其行程的一部分。长期与中国为友的越南一直在争论是否应撤销其“非市场经济体”这一标签。虽然越南声称最近实施的经济改革使其具备了这个地位的资格，并且保持该身份对其与美国发展日益密切、互惠互利的关系不利。
华盛顿战略与国际研究中心东南亚项目资深研究员穆雷·海伯特指出，拜登在决定取消这一标签方面并没有直接权限，因为这涉及到商务部的标准。反对者，尤其是影响美国劳工团体的政治力量，认为越南的承诺没有通过具体的行动体现出来，并且越来越多地被中国利用为其绕过对华进口限制而建立的制造基地。
拜登是否会在与阮富仲的会面中讨论这一点并未透露给公众。
新闻来源：www.nbcnews.com
原文地址：Biden meets Vietnam leader to counter Hanoi’s ties with China and Russia
新闻日期：2024-09-26
原文摘要：
NEW YORK — President Joe Biden met with Vietnamese President To Lam for talks on Wednesday, aiming to deepen relations with the Southeast Asian country and manufacturing hub and counter its ties with China and Russia. Biden and Lam, the ruling Communist Party chief making his first visit to the U.S. as president, met on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly in New York. A senior U.S. official said they discussed how to accelerate a strategic partnership agreed last year. On meeting Biden on Wednesday, Lam hailed what he called Biden’s historic contribution to elevating bilateral relations. Biden said that since beginning a new era in relations last year, the two countries had made significant investments in semiconductors and supply chains and launched unprecedented cooperation on cybersecurity. He also said they stood united in commitments to freedom of navigation and the rule of law, a reference to regional maritime disputes with China. The Vietnam News Agency reported Lam told Biden that Vietnam was on the brink of a new era of development, and that it was a friend and reliable partner. “Vietnam will continue to firmly implement its foreign policy of independence, self-reliance, multilateralism and diversification,” Lam told Biden, the state media agency reported. Lam met this week in New York with representatives of U.S. companies, including Meta, which pledged to expand investments in the country with a population of 100 million. Lam asked business leaders to back Hanoi’s bid to have Washington remove it from the list of non-market economies and lift other trade restrictions and for the U.S. and Vietnam to cooperate on semiconductor supply chains. Biden visited Hanoi a year ago and secured deals on semiconductors and minerals and an upgrade in diplomatic ties, despite U.S. concerns about human rights issues. U.S. Rep. Michelle Steel, a California Republican who represents a large population of Vietnamese Americans, wrote to Biden before the meeting asking him to directly address human rights abuses in Vietnam under Lam’s leadership. Asked if Vietnam’s NME status was discussed, the senior U.S. official told reporters: “They talked about economic cooperation broadly and plans to redouble cooperation with Vietnam.” Asked if they discussed China, the official said: “The leaders acknowledged the fact that Vietnam lives in a complicated neighborhood.” He said there was a recognition that Hanoi “has to be very cautious and strategic to its approach to the region” and that the United States is a strategic partner. Alexander Vuving, a Vietnam expert at the Hawaii-based Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, said the meeting was important for helping Lam consolidate power after being confirmed as Vietnam’s top leader in August. He said it signaled Vietnam’s balanced position between the great powers, given Lam’s recent visit to China and meetings with Russian President Vladimir Putin as well as the importance of the Hanoi relationship in U.S. Asia policy. Lam spoke at the U.N. General Assembly on Tuesday, and his travels include a stop in Cuba, Vietnam’s long-term Communist partner. Vietnam has long argued it should be freed of the NME label given recent economic reforms and that retaining the moniker is bad for increasingly close two-way ties that Washington sees as a counterbalance to China. However, Murray Hiebert, a senior associate in the Southeast Asia Program at Washington’s Center for Strategic and International Studies, said it was not Biden’s prerogative to offer concessions on that, given Commerce Department criteria. Opponents, including politically influential U.S. labor lobbies, argue Vietnam’s policy commitments have not been matched by concrete actions and that it is increasingly being used as a manufacturing hub by Chinese firms to circumvent U.S. curbs on imports from China.
