美国国防部长劳德·奥斯汀本周访问伦敦，与英国、澳大利亚就共同遏制中国在印太地区日益强势行动的合作进展进行讨论。这是AUKUS（美英澳三国合作项目）联盟的第三次防长级会议，据军事官员透露，此次会议将聚焦于提升印太安全的关键合作领域。
双方关注的重点在于两大支柱：
其一，协助澳大利亚获取核动力潜艇，以增强其在地区的防御能力。
其二，与伙伴国如日本、加拿大、新西兰等，在新兴军事科技上开展协作。
AUKUS三国仅就核动力潜艇的合作进行协调，但愿与其他国家合作，在电子战、网络与人工智能技术领域拓展。今年早些时候，日本宣布将与AUKUS在海上自主性项目上合作，目前正与加拿大、韩国和新西兰等国讨论潜在的新兴能力合作项目。
中国指责AUKUS加剧了核军备竞赛并威胁到了印太地区的和平与安全。然而，有官员指出，中国对AUKUS表现出兴趣，并在国际场合试图歪曲其目的，与实际情况不符。
尽管俄罗斯与中国展现了日益紧密的关系，但AUKUS计划仍然包括对合作伙伴进行评估和可能的扩展。首次有俄中飞机一同在阿拉斯加海岸上空空域出现，虽未构成威胁，但彰显了双方的合作活动。此外，中国为俄罗斯提供国防工业支持，在乌冲突期间助力其军事行动。
值得强调的是，AUKUS是在2022年俄乌战争爆发和去年的以色列哈马斯冲突之前创立的。如今，该联盟正在汲取这些冲突中的教训，整合至长期发展规划之中。乌克兰危机对AUKUS在无人机使用、弹药储备乃至如何塑造地区稳定与安全等方面提供了重要启示。
总之，在中国动作引起关注的同时，AUKUS计划继续推进印太地区的合作，特别是新兴军事技术领域的协作，以应对中国的挑战，并确保印太地区的和平与安全得以巩固。
新闻来源：www.cbsnews.com
原文地址：U.S., Australian and British defense chiefs meet as AUKUS alliance sharpens focus on China deterrence
新闻日期：2024-09-26
原文摘要：
London — Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin is in London this week to discuss progress made by the U.S., Britain and Australia toward their shared goal of deterring China's increasingly assertive actions in the Indo-Pacific. The London summit is the third Defense Ministerial for the allies' trilateral AUKUS partnership, and according to defense officials, it will see them look at the two key elements or pillars of their work together to increase security in the Indo-Pacific. The first of those pillars is helping Australia acquire nuclear-powered submarines, and the second is collaborating on emerging military capabilities."Through AUKUS we are working across the full spectrum of capability development — generating requirements, co-developing new systems, deepening industrial base collaboration, and, ultimately, delivering advanced capabilities to the joint force with focus on our most critical capability," Pentagon spokesperson Maj. Pete Nguyen told reporters ahead of the trip.Only the three countries in the AUKUS partnership will coordinate on nuclear-powered submarines, but the allies are open to working with other countries on electronic warfare and cyber and artificial intelligence capabilities, a senior defense official said.Earlier this year, the partnership announced that Japan would work with AUKUS on maritime autonomy and, according to the official, there are also conversations with Canada, South Korea, and New Zealand about potential projects on emerging capabilities. China has accused AUKUS of provoking a nuclear arms race and disrupting peace and security in the Indo-Pacific region. "We certainly have seen China show interest in the AUKUS partnership, and we've certainly seen them in international fora seek to mischaracterize, and to describe what we're seeking to do in ways that are inconsistent with what we're actually trying to do," the official said.The suggestion of new working partners for AUKUS comes as China and Russia have demonstrated an increasingly close relationship.For the first time, Russian and Chinese aircraft were detected flying together in international airspace off the coast of Alaska in July. They did not pose a threat, according to NORAD, but the detection did highlight the joint exercises. That comes on top of the support China has given Russia's defense industrial base for its war in Ukraine.AUKUS was created before Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 and before the Israel-Hamas war about a year ago, but defense officials said lessons from those two conflicts were being incorporated into long-term plans for AUKUS. The conflict in Ukraine, in particular, has been instructive in the partnership's thinking about the use of drones, the need for munitions and for munitions stockpiles, and it is informing "how we think about AUKUS and what types of priorities we need to accomplish in order to ensure that we can promote stability and security and strength and deterrence in the Indo-Pacific," the senior defense official said.
