澳大利亚财长查尔默斯周五欢迎了中国经济刺激措施，并指出近期经济下滑对澳大利亚造成影响。这次为期两天的访华行程是近七年来的首例，正值澳中双边关系回暖之际。
查尔默斯在接受采访时指出，澳大利亚经济放缓缘于全球经济增长不确定、利率高企及中国需求减少等因素。他表示，中国政府若采取措施提振国内经济和增长，无论详情如何，都将为澳大利亚带来“非常好的发展机遇”。
中国是澳大利亚最大的铁矿石和煤炭出口市场。查尔默斯在《澳大利亚人报》上发表的文章中指出：“我们的繁荣与韧性紧密地与中国以及全球经济挂钩。”
文章还提到，中国预计未来三年每年经济增长率将低于5%，这是自上世纪70年代末以来最疲弱的扩张速度。
查尔默斯在访华期间参与了澳中战略经济对话会议，恢复了旨在促进贸易和投资增长的双边年度会谈。2020年时，中国对澳大利亚商品实行一系列官方与非正式的贸易禁令，导致澳洲出口商每年损失超过200亿澳元（约140亿美元）。
如今，这些“贸易阻碍”每年给澳出口商带来的损失已低于10亿澳元（约6.9亿美元）。查尔默斯表示。在周四会议开始时，国家发展和改革委员会主任郑建吉提到关系的改善与澳大利亚左翼劳工党政府上台有关，结束了七年的保守统治。
“我们的共同发展意味着机遇而非挑战。”郑通过翻译说，“当前国际形势错综复杂动荡，两国一起讨论经济发展及合作机会具有重要意义。”
双边贸易额在去年达到创纪录的3270亿澳元（约2250亿美元），是自由贸易协定实施以来价值的两倍多。
查尔默斯此访还预计将提出有关澳大利亚对两只加工厂进口龙虾和红肉限制的问题。他表示，已讨论了关于这方面的贸易障碍，并寻求“迅速解决”。他认为这主要是由于两国官僚机构之间存在的技术性问题导致延迟。
中国对此表示关切，提到了澳大利亚投资规则。查尔默斯解释称，澳大利亚的规制并非针对中国，双方同意进一步讨论限制措施。
“我们的制度非歧视性，旨在管理外国投资风险。”查尔默斯说。“否决提案非常罕见，不仅限于某一国。”
中国希望在关键矿产上对澳进行投资。然而，鉴于澳大利亚与美国对全球矿业领头羊和清洁能源供应链控制的担忧，双方存在分歧。
6月时，查尔默斯根据国家利益要求五家与中国有关联的企业撤出关键矿物质开采公司北方矿物股份。
面对新冠疫情后的经济滞涨、消费者需求疲软、通缩压力持续以及制造业收缩，中国正努力重启经济增长，并提振岌岌可危的房地产业。
本周，中国政府宣布了一系列新措施以刺激经济增长和房地产复苏。中央银行在周五降低了银行准备金率0.5%，并削减了对商业银行贷款利率和部分按揭贷款最低首付比例。
据周四《南华早报》与彭博社报道，政府计划花费约1万亿人民币（约142亿美元）用于六家大型国有银行的资本重组。
在澳大利亚经济与中国关系日趋紧密之际，北京在全球太平洋地区的军事行动日益增强。
查尔默斯在讨论会上表示，他提到了中国航空母舰上周首次进入靠近日本海岸区域演习一事，并提及了本周中国政府试射洲际弹道导弹至太平洋的行为。
他表示：“我们能再次强调昨日会议中的期待——所有军队在此地区保持安全和专业运营。”“但如预期的那样，会谈的核心主要聚焦于经济。”
穆基尔对本次访问有所贡献，地点在澳大利亚墨尔本。
新闻来源：www.abcnews.go.com
原文地址：Australian treasurer, visiting Beijing, welcomes Chinese efforts to stimulate its economy
新闻日期：2024-09-27
原文摘要：
Australian Treasurer Jim Chalmers on Friday welcomed Chinese efforts to stimulate its slowing economy, noting that its recent weakness has hurt Australia. Chalmers was wrapping up a two-day visit to Beijing, the first to China by an Australian treasurer in seven years, as strained bilateral relations mend. He told reporters that Australia’s economy was slowing because of global economic uncertainty, high interest rates and China’s slowdown. “Those three things are combining to slow our own economy considerably and when steps are taken here to boost economic activity and to boost growth in the Chinese economy, subject to the details that will be released in good time, we see that as a very, very good development for Australia,” Chalmers said. China is the biggest buyer of Australia’s most lucrative exports: iron ore and coal. “Our resilience and prosperity are closely connected to China’s economy and the global economy,” Chalmers wrote in an opinion piece published Friday in The Australian newspaper. He noted that his department forecasts Chinese annual economic growth at below 5% for the next three years, the weakest expansion since the late 1970s. While in Beijing the two sides held meetings for the Australia-China Strategic Economic Dialogue, reviving the once annual talks aimed at growing trade and investment after a seven-year hiatus. In 2020, China introduced a series of official and unofficial trade bans on Australian commodities, including coal, that cost Australian exporters more than 20 billion Australian dollars ($14 billion) a year. Such “trade impediments” now cost Australian exporters less than AU$1 billion ($690 million) a year, Chalmers says. At the outset of Thursday's meetings, Zheng Shanjie, chair of China’s National Development and Reform Commission, noted how relations had improved since Chalmers’ center-left Labor Party government was elected in 2020, ending nine years of conservative rule in Australia. “Our development represents opportunities rather than challenges with each other,” Zheng said through an interpreter. “At a time when the international situation is intricate and turbulent, it is of great significance for both countries to discuss economic development and cooperation opportunities together,” Zheng added. Two-way bilateral trade reached a record AU$327 billion ($225 billion) last year, more than double its value when a free trade deal was struck in 2015. During his visit, Chalmers was expected to raise with the Chinese restrictions on imports of Australian lobsters and red meat from two Australian processors. Chalmers confirmed he had raised the lobster trade in discussions and said Australia was seeking a “speedy resolution of the rectrictions.” He blamed “technical issues” between bureacracies of the two nations for the delay. China raised concerns about Australian foreign investment rules. Chalmers said he had explained to Zheng that Australia's regulations did not target China and had agreed to further discuss the restrictions. “Ours is a non-discriminatory regime which is about managing risks in foreign investment,” Chalmers said. “Rejecting proposals is a very rare thing and it isn't just (proposals) from one country,” Chalmers added. China wants to invest in Australian critical minerals, but Australia shares U.S. concerns over China’s global dominance in critical minerals and control over supply chains in the renewable energy sector. Citing Australia’s national interests, in June Chalmers ordered five Chinese-linked companies to divest their shares in the rare earth mining company Northern Minerals. China has been grappling with a lagging economy post-COVID, with weak consumer demand, persistent deflationary pressures and a contraction in factory activity. Earlier this week, China announced a series of new measures to boost the economy and revive its ailing property sector. The central bank lowered bank reserve requirements by 0.5% as of Friday. It also has slashed interest rates on its loans to commercial banks and lowered the minimum down payments for some mortgages. Unconfirmed reports Thursday by the South China Morning Post and Bloomberg said the government plans to spend about 1 trillion yuan ($142 billion) on recapitalizing six big state-owned banks. While China is growing economically closer to Australia, Beijing is becoming militarily more belligerent in the Asia-Paficic region. On security issues, Chalmers said he raised in his discussions a Chinese aircraft carrier accompanied by two destroyers entering an area near Japan’s shores for the first time last week. He also raised international concerns over China test-firing an intercontinental ballistic missile into the Pacific Ocean this week. “I was able to reiterate in the meetings yesterday afternoon our expectations of safe and professional conduct of all militaries operating in our region,” Chalmers said. “But as you would expect, the overwhelming focus of our discussions here have been the economy,” he added. ___ McGuirk contributed from Melbourne, Australia.
