根据位于华盛顿的亚洲海洋透明倡议（Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative, AMTI）发布的最新报告，马来西亚不顾中国在有重叠主权声索区域持续存在的舰船压力下，依然扩大了南海海域的石油和天然气勘探活动。
该短程沿海追踪数据显示，中国的海警船只像时钟一样规律地操作于被马来西亚宣称的水域之中，几乎全年的每一天都有至少一艘中国海警船驻扎在马来西亚的专属经济区或大陆架区域。这表明尽管北京的努力，马来西亚不仅没有停止现有的石油和天然气生产活动，反而增加了勘探力度。
报告指出，在距离婆罗洲（Borneo）沙捞越州80海里（150公里），位于众多主要马来西亚油气项目之间，被称为鲁孔礁群的礁石附近，中国船只占据了大部分时间。该区域与菲律宾等国的主权声索也有所重叠。
在先前泄露的一封秘密信件中，中国政府曾私下敦促马来西亚停止其靠近鲁孔礁群的近海石油和天然气活动，这一举动促使马来西亚总理，在他政府正寻求深化与中国经贸联系的关键时刻，罕见地公开承认了持续多时的领土争端。
总理表示：“中国是我们的重要伙伴，但当然我们也需要在我们的海域内进行运营，确保经济利益，包括在我们领土上开采石油。”
从中国本土、台湾延伸至马来西亚和印度尼西亚的南中国海是全球贸易至关重要的通道，涉及约37%的世界海上原油运输。中国政府依据一张上世纪四十年代模糊的地图主张该海域大片区域的主权，这一说法普遍被其他国家以及联合国仲裁庭否定。
为了强调其广泛的领土声索主张，中国利用渔业军事力量和沿岸警备舰艇在资源丰富的水域大范围活动，实质上阻止了菲律宾、越南等国家接触海底潜在的能源资源。
报告提到，尽管中国的存在在鲁孔礁群持续不断，但与北部的 Spratly 岛链相比，在那里北京部署了数十艘沿岸警备船和数百艘渔业军事力量以抗衡菲律宾在争议水域的活动规模相差悬殊。然而，考虑到马来西亚正在扩大钻探，并且中菲之间的紧张局势可能缓解的情况下，北京可能加大对中国对马来西亚石油、天然气生产的压力。
这显示了南中国海地缘政治环境的复杂性和竞争性，以及国际关系中的微妙平衡如何影响这一地区的资源开发活动和国家利益。
新闻来源：www.bloomberg.com
原文地址：Malaysia Defies China With Offshore Drilling, US Think Tank Says
新闻日期：2024-10-02
原文摘要：
Malaysia is expanding oil and gas exploration in the disputed South China Sea despite pressure from Chinese vessels that have maintained a constant presence in waters where both sides have overlapping claims, according to a new .Short-range coastal tracking data show that China’s coast guard ships operated in waters claimed by Malaysia “like clockwork,” with at least one of its vessels stationed in Malaysia’s exclusive economic zone or continental shelf area nearly every day of the year, according to the Washington-based Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative.“Despite the CCG’s efforts, Malaysia has not only continued its existing oil and gas production but also expanded exploratory activity,” according to the report published Tuesday. It adds that Chinese vessels spent most of their time near Luconia Shoals, a group of mostly submerged reefs 80 nautical miles (150 kilometers) northwest of Sarawak state on Borneo that sits between a number of major Malaysian oil and gas projects.The study comes after the leak of a weeks ago in which Beijing privately urged Malaysia to halt its offshore oil and gas activities near Luconia Shoals, prompting a rare public acknowledgment of the long-running dispute from Prime Minister just as his government seeks to foster deeper economic links with China.“China is a great friend, but of course we have to operate in our waters and secure economic advantage, including drilling for oil in our territory,” he during a visit to Russia.Read: Stretching from the Chinese mainland and Taiwan down to Malaysia and Indonesia, the South China Sea is a critical artery for global trade, including about 37% of the world’s maritime crude. China has laid claim to a vast swath of the waters, based on a vague 1940s map that has broadly been rejected by other nations and a UN tribunal. To assert its expansive claims, China has utilized a maritime militia of fishing fleets and coast guard vessels to swarm resource rich waters, effectively blocking other claimant nations like the Philippines and Vietnam from tapping the deposits beneath the surface.“While China’s presence at Luconia Shoals is continuous, it doesn’t come close to matching the scale of activity farther north in the Spratly Islands, where Beijing has deployed dozens of coast guard and hundreds of militia ships to contest Philippine activities in disputed waters,” the AMTI report said. “However, with Malaysia’s expanding drilling and a potential reduction in China-Philippine tensions, Beijing could ratchet up the pressure on Malaysian hydrocarbon production,” it said.
