周五，欧盟成员国将迎来关键投票，决定是否对中国进口电动汽车施加最高达45%的关税。这一举措有可能加剧与北京的关系紧张。
欧盟执委会，作为欧盟的执行机构，指控中国对电动车行业存在不公平补贴，并提出征税以保护欧洲企业。如果通过此措施，可能会引发中国的报复性反制，因欧盟是中国第三大出口市场。北京批评此举为贸易保护主义，并威胁向欧盟征收关税于汽车、葡萄酒和香水。
近期，受中国9月份电动车销量数据提振，以及对潜在关税的乐观预期影响，部分中国电动汽车公司的股价在港股市场出现显著上涨。如某些品牌最近两周内飙升超30%。
然而，由于担忧关税风险及加剧的竞争，总体来说这些股票年度表现下跌。对于将要征税的可能性，中国电动汽车制造商面临抉择：要么消化关税成本，要么提高售价，而这正处于国内利润承压的时期。
为规避潜在的关税压力，一些中国车企正在考虑将其工厂迁往欧洲，这或许能为其带来一定优势。然而，从长远来看，这些关税措施对欧盟与中国之间的双边关系带来的影响预计相对较小。数据显示，今年前四个月，欧盟在整体销售额中所占的比例仅为1%至3%，对欧洲车厂而言构成的威胁并不显著。
为了缓和紧张态势，双方仍在探索一条合作道路，寻求在出口控制机制上的解决方案，以替代可能引发冲突的关税措施。如果未能达成一致，未来数年这种贸易摩擦的风险仍将持续存在。
值得注意的是，此次决策对于中国与欧盟之间最大的汽车市场——德国、宝马等欧洲车企而言，将形成严峻考验。这些品牌在中国2022年的总销量超过460万辆。
新闻来源：www.bloomberg.com
原文地址：EU Set to Vote on Tariffs Targeting Electric Vehicles From China
新闻日期：2024-10-04
原文摘要：
The European Union’s member states are set to vote Friday on whether to impose tariffs as high as 45% on electric vehicles from China, a decision that could threaten to further ratchet up tensions with Beijing.Listen to the Here’s Why podcast on , or .The vote comes after the European Commission, the EU’s executive arm, that China unfairly subsidized its EV industry and proposed the tariffs to protect European companies.If passed, the measures risk triggering retaliatory duties from China, the bloc’s third-largest market for exports. Beijing has condemned the move as protectionism and has threatened tariffs on European , , and . Shares of Chinese EV makers have rallied in recent weeks thanks to China’s and September delivery figures, with and up more than 30% over the last two weeks in Hong Kong. Still, they are down for the year given concerns about pending tariffs and increased competition.The 27-member union was on whether to move forward with the aggressive trade measure. Germany has called for the EU to the tariff plan, with Economy Minister warning it could lead to a . French President reaffirmed his support for the levies on Wednesday, saying the level of Chinese subsidies was “unbearable.”EU rules stipulate that the European Commission can impose the new duties for the next five years unless 15 member states representing 65% of the bloc’s population vote against them.If tariffs are implemented, Chinese EV makers will have to decide whether to absorb them or raise prices, at a time when at home is their profit margins. The prospect of duties has prompted some Chinese automakers to consider in factories in Europe, which might help them tariffs.Still, Daiwa Securities analyst Kevin Lau said Europe’s tariff hikes will have a “minor impact” on Chinese manufacturers because the region accounts for only a fraction of their total sales. Europe contributed between 1% to 3% of overall sales for , and in the first four months of this year, he estimated.The EU and China will continue to find an alternative to the tariffs despite the coming vote. The two sides are exploring whether an agreement can be reached on a complex mechanism to control prices and volumes of exports used to avoid anti-subsidy tariffs.An escalation of the trade spat would hit German automakers including and the hardest, which collectively sold 4.6 million cars in China in 2022.
