新闻来源：www.abcnews.go.com
原文地址：Seeking to counter China, US awards $3 billion for EV battery production in 14 states
新闻日期：2024-09-20
美国政府将拨款逾300亿美元，以提升国内电动汽车电池的生产能力，涵盖锂、石墨或其他电池材料的加工处理及电动汽车电池组件的制造。这些资金将支持25个项目，分布在14个州，包括摇摆州密歇根和北卡罗来纳，以及其他如俄亥俄、德克萨斯、南卡罗来纳和路易斯安那等州。
这些拨款是2021年通过的两党基础设施法下的第二轮电动汽车电池资金。首轮拨款18亿美元支持了14个项目，目前仍在进行中。此次拨款总额有所减少，反映了在有时较长的谈判过程中一些项目的撤回或被拒绝的情况。
这笔资金是乔·拜登总统和卡玛拉·哈里斯副总统为提升电动汽车生产和销售所做努力的一部分，这是他们减缓气候变化、发展美国制造业战略的关键要素之一。获资助的企业将对锂、石墨或其他电池材料进行加工处理，或将制造用于电动汽车电池的组件。
白宫经济顾问莱尔·布雷纳德表示：“今天的拨款使我们更接近实现政府目标：在美国构建从采矿到加工再到制造和回收的完整的电池供应链体系，这对我们减少对中国在这一关键领域主导地位至关重要。”
布雷纳德在接受周四白宫电话会议采访时说：“我们将继续致力于在中国制造对美国电网、家庭和企业及美国标志性汽车工业至关重要的电池。”
布雷纳德指出，本周五宣布的拨款使美国用于增强关键矿物和电池供应链的投资总额接近350亿美元，包括内华达和北卡罗来纳州的主要锂矿项目、密歇根和俄亥俄州的电池工厂以及加利福尼亚和德克萨斯州的生产稀土元素和磁铁项目。
她说：“我们正在利用所有可用工具，从拨款、贷款到税收抵免。”她补充说，自拜登就任以来，该部门已吸引超过1000亿美元的私营部门投资。
布雷纳德指出，近年来，中国在锂、稀土元素和镓等关键矿物的加工和精炼方面占据了主导地位，并且也在电池生产方面占据主导，使得美国及其盟友和伙伴“处于劣势”。
她说：“我们将采取‘精准有力’的措施来应对中国不公平行为。”上周，官员们最终确定了对用于电动汽车和电网储能电池的关键矿物（如石墨）的更高关税。此外，该部门还根据2022年气候法激励美国本土采购销售的电动汽车，并对被列为美国关注的外国实体的产品实施限制。
布雷纳德说：“我们致力于在美国制造电池。”
如果最终确定本周五宣布的拨款，将支持25个项目创造约8000个建筑工作岗位和超过4000个永久工作岗位。能源部表示，公司需按50-50的比例匹配拨款，并至少投资5000万美元。
虽然联邦资金可能不是某些项目的决定因素，但基础设施和气候法案的资金注入已使美国的电池制造部门在过去几年发生了巨大变化。乔治亚理工学院的助理教授马修·麦迪文说他很期待下一代清洁储能电池，包括固态电池，这些电池的能量存储潜力可能超过锂离子电池。
原文摘要：
The Biden administration is awarding over $3 billion to U.S. companies to boost domestic production of advanced batteries and other materials used for electric vehicles, part of a continuing push to reduce China’s global dominance in battery production for EVs and other electronics.
The grants will fund a total of 25 projects in 14 states, including battleground states such as Michigan and North Carolina, as well as Ohio, Texas, South Carolina and Louisiana.
The grants announced Friday mark the second round of EV battery funding under the bipartisan infrastructure law approved in 2021. An earlier round allocated $1.8 billion for 14 projects that are ongoing. The totals are down from amounts officials announced in October 2022 and reflect a number of projects that were withdrawn or rejected by U.S. officials during sometimes lengthy negotiations.
The money is part of a larger effort by President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris to boost production and sales of electric vehicles as a key element of their strategy to slow climate change and build up U.S. manufacturing. Companies receiving awards process lithium, graphite or other battery materials, or manufacture components used in EV batteries.
“Today’s awards move us closer to achieving the administration’s goal of building an end-to-end supply chain for batteries and critical minerals here in America, from mining to processing to manufacturing and recycling, which is vital to reduce China’s dominance of this critical sector,” White House economic adviser Lael Brainard said.
The Biden-Harris administration is “committed to making batteries in the United States that are going to be vital for powering our grid, our homes and businesses and America’s iconic auto industry,” Brainard told reporters Thursday during a White House call.
The awards announced Friday bring to nearly $35 billion total U.S. investments to bolster domestic critical minerals and battery supply chains, Brainard said, citing projects from major lithium mines in Nevada and North Carolina to battery factories in Michigan and Ohio to production of rare earth elements and magnets in California and Texas.
“We’re using every tool at our disposal, from grants and loans to allocated tax credits,” she said, adding that the administration’s approach has leveraged more $100 billion in private sector investment since Biden took office.
In recent years, China has cornered the market for processing and refining key minerals such as lithium, rare earth elements and gallium, and also has dominated battery production, leaving the U.S. and its allies and partners “vulnerable,” Brainard said.
The U.S. has responded by taking what she called “tough, targeted measures to enforce against unfair actions by China.” Just last week, officials finalized higher tariffs on Chinese imports of critical minerals such as graphite used in EV and grid-storage batteries. The administration also has acted under the 2022 climate law to incentivize domestic sourcing for EVs sold in the U.S. and placed restrictions on products from China and other adversaries labeled by the U.S. as foreign entities of concern.
“We’re committed to making batteries in the United States of America,” Energy Secretary Jennifer Granholm said.
If finalized, awards announced Friday will support 25 projects with 8,000 construction jobs and over 4,000 permanent jobs, officials said. Companies will be required to match grants on a 50-50 basis, with a minimum $50 million investment, the Energy Department said.
While federal funding may not be make-or-break for some projects, the infusion of cash from the infrastructure and climate laws has dramatically transformed the U.S. battery manufacturing sector in the past few years, said Matthew McDowell, associate professor of engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology.
McDowell said he is excited about the next generation of batteries for clean energy storage, including solid state batteries, which could potentially hold more energy than lithium ion.
