新闻来源：www.bloomberg.com
原文地址：Biden Administration to Prepare Ban on Chinese Car Software
新闻日期：2024-09-21
根据知情人士透露，美国商务部计划最早在周一宣布禁令细则，禁止在中国和俄罗斯制造的硬件与软件在智能联网车辆中的应用。近期，商务部门一直在会晤行业专家以解决有关新一代“智驾”车辆安全方面的担忧。这项拟议中的规定将涵盖自动驾驶系统、自动化驾驶系统的软硬件及汽车通讯系统中使用或测试的中国与俄罗斯技术。
虽然主要针对的是软件限制，但提案也包括一些硬件内容。目前众多新型汽油车和电动车内均安装了连通互联网或云服务的设备，因此这些车辆成为黑客攻击的目标。禁令部分起因于美国总统拜登今年3月发起的一项关于中国车辆软体潜在网络安全风险的调查。
拜登政府的核心关切在于避免中国或俄罗斯通过截获使用国内企业开发软件系统的通讯来进行车辆入侵和追踪行为。规定也具备了一定的保护主义性质，即几乎所有新型汽车至少在信息娱乐系统方面都已连接网络，因此如果美国市场上的汽车采用的是此类连接技术，中国车企可能被禁止在美国销售。
5月，政府对中国的电动汽车征收了100%的关税，指出其政府正在补贴本国汽车产业并大量出口产能过剩的产品，在此期间，美国公司则在发展更多的电池驱动车辆。商务部对此未予置评。
白宫国家经济委员会主任劳埃尔·布雷恩将于周一在美国汽车城底特律发表演讲，概述拜登政府加强美国汽车产业的努力。中国已在电动汽车和智能车部件方面处于领先地位，部分原因在于广泛得到政府的补贴与支持。在去年第四季度内，中国的全电车辆销量超过了美国，并且全球车企正愈发依赖中国供应商以获取连接车辆所需的技术。
从中国政府的角度来看，他们宣称尊重数据隐私、外国客户的安全以及公平竞争原则。新禁令将由商务部执行，目的是阻止中国公司收集美国司机的数据尤其是个人数据，并将其发送回中国；同时，该规定实际上也将阻绝中国供应商在美国建立更大的市场份额，让美国汽车工业有时间构建自己的联网车辆供应链。
商务部提案中包含了对不同受影响软硬件的不同引入期安排。根据了解提案详情的人员透露，官员们希望在2025年1月出台最终法规，并随后展开为期30天的意见征询活动。《路透社》先前于周六报道了该项提案的大致内容。除驾驶员辅助、自动驾驶系统以及用于跟踪车辆位置的软件外，规则还将涵盖车载通信系统的硬件，例如所谓的V2X（Vehicle to Everything）系统，此类装置允许汽车与道路基础设施、其他装备车辆和云端进行通信。
原文摘要：
The is planning to reveal that would ban Chinese- and Russian-made hardware and software for connected vehicles as soon as Monday, said people familiar with the matter.Commerce has been meeting with industry experts in recent months looking to address security concerns raised by a new generation of so-called smart cars. The move would include bans on use and testing of Chinese and Russian technology for automated driving systems and vehicle communications systems, the people said. While the bans mostly focus on software, the proposed rules will include some hardware, they said.Many of today’s cars — both gas and electric — are equipped with devices connecting them to the internet or cloud services, making them potential targets for hacking. The pending restrictions stem from an investigation of cybersecurity risks from Chinese vehicle software that President launched in March.The Biden Administration’s primary concern is preventing China or Russia from hacking vehicles or tracking cars by intercepting communication with software systems that their domestic companies have created. The rules would also have a protectionist element since most new cars are connected at least through infotainment systems, so Chinese carmakers could be barred from selling in the US if the vehicles use their connected technology.In May, the administration levied a 100% tariff on Chinese electric vehicles, pointing out its government is subsidizing its auto industry and increasingly exporting its excess capacity at a time when US companies are building more battery-powered cars.The Commerce Department declined to comment. Lael Brainard, director of the White House’s National Economic Council, is set to speak Monday in Detroit about the Biden administration’s efforts to “strengthen the US auto industry.”China has emerged as a leader in electric vehicles and components for smart cars, in part because of widespread government subsidies and support. sold more fully electric vehicles than in the fourth quarter of last year, and global carmakers have become increasingly dependent on Chinese suppliers for technology needed for connected vehicles. For its part, China has said it respects data privacy and the security of its foreign customers and the principles of fair competition.Read more: The new restrictions would be enforced by the Commerce Department to prevent Chinese companies from collecting data on US drivers, especially individuals, and sending it back to China. The rules would also effectively keep Chinese suppliers from establishing a bigger foothold in the US, giving the American auto industry time to build its own supply chain for connected vehicles.The Commerce proposal includes different phase-in periods for the various affected software and components, people familiar with the proposal said. Officials aim to enact a final rule in January 2025, the people said, following a 30-day comment period on the proposal. Reuters first reported the outlines of the proposal earlier on Saturday. In addition to driver assist and autonomous vehicle systems, as well as software that tracks vehicles by using mapping and satellite location, the rules would govern hardware for vehicle communication systems. That could include things like the so-called V2X systems, which cars use to communicate with road infrastructure, other equipped vehicles and the cloud.
