一组共和党参议员公开提出一项议案，旨在永久取消美国与中国之间的正常贸易关系，并对中国共产党所涉及的商品征收两倍的关税。
该提案将实施分五年递增的关税策略：针对被拜登政府认定对国家安全至关重要的“战略”进口商品，将其税收翻一倍；对于非战略性质的其他进口产品至少提高35%的关税。议案主要由汤姆·卡頓（来自阿肯色州）参议员发起，并得到了马科·鲁比奥（佛罗里达州）与乔希·霍利（密苏里州）等参议员的支持，他们将赋予总统权力，对特定中国商品实施进一步的关税、配额或禁止措施。该法案还旨在终结“微不足道待遇”政策——即进口价值低于一定限额的商品无需缴纳关税。
按照议案设计，新增加的收入将用于援助因潜在中国报复而受损的农民和制造商，购买对太平洋冲突至关重要的关键武器装备，并偿还债务。
共和党议员们正在制定全面策略以遏制中共的影响：“这一彻底取消中国永久正常贸易关系状态及改革中美贸易关系举措旨在保护美国工人利益、增强国家安全并终结中国共产党对我国经济的操纵。”汤姆·卡顿表示。马科·鲁比奥则指出，“将最大的竞争对手与中国最亲密盟友享有同等贸易优势视为我们国家历史上最具灾难性的决定之一。”
目前预测显示，2024年中国国内生产总值（GDP）预计将增长近5%，而美国的预期GDP增长率只有中国的一半。
该议案与特朗普政府时期的最高优先事项保持一致：在最近的总统辩论中，前总统曾重申计划对所有进口商品征收10%的基本关税及60%的中国货物额外关税；副总统卡马拉·哈里斯对此表示反对，认为这是“向美国人民征税”。
值得关注的是，本月，中国实施了针对一批对于美国国防产业至关重要的矿物质（包括锑制品）的新出口管制措施。这种鲜为人知但关键的阻燃金属用于弹药、红外导弹、核武器、夜视眼镜以及电池和光伏设备等。
去年，中国占全球一半以上的锑产量。美中两国贸易关系自2000年美国国会投票授予中国永久正常贸易关系status以来发生了深刻变化：美国消费者获得了价格低廉的中国进口商品，而在接下来的20年内，中国商品进口价值从零增长至500亿美元。
“多年前，华盛顿精英们向中共提供了最惠国待遇，使其得以剥削我们的蓝领工人。国会必须撤销这一优惠政策以保护美工利益并遏制我们最大的对手，同时挽回已被海外转移的数百万制造业工作岗位。”乔希·霍利表示。拜登政府最近决定，从9月27日起对某些中国制造的产品征收关税：电动汽车的关税率将翻倍，太阳能单晶硅、电动车电池、关键矿物质、钢材、铝材、口罩和港口式货运起重机等产品的关税率则分别上调50%、25%，开始于当月。
对于半导体芯片这类其他产品而言，预计未来两年的关税将进一步上涨。特朗普政府曾对价值约3000亿美元的中国商品实施广泛关税措施，并在任内保持这一政策不变，同时对中国进口商品再加征大约150亿美元的关税；外界普遍预期中国将采取针对美国产品的报复性关税措施。
以上是对该议案内容的中文版本优化翻译。
新闻来源：www.foxnews.com
原文地址：Republicans propose bill that would double tariffs on Chinese imports and end favored trade status
新闻日期：2024-09-26
原文摘要：
FIRST ON FOX: A group of Republican senators is unveiling a new bill that would cease all permanent normal trade relations with China and double the tariffs on Chinese Communist Party (CCP) goods. The bill would, over five years, increase tariffs by 100% on imports deemed "strategic" to national security by the Biden administration in an effort to force the growth of the domestic market for national security-related goods. It would boost tariffs on non-strategic goods by a minimum of 35%. The bill, led by Sen. Tom Cotton, R-Ark., and cosponsored by Sens. Marco Rubio, R-Fla., and Josh Hawley, R-Mo., would also grant the president the authority to institute further tariffs, quotas and bans on specific Chinese goods. It would end "de minimis treatment" for China, or the value threshold below which imports are not subject to customs duties. The revenue generated from this, according to the bill, would go towards farmers and manufacturers injured by potential Chinese retaliation, the purchase of key munitions important to a Pacific conflict, and paying down the debt. GOP SENATORS EYE COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGY TO CURB CCP INFLUENCE "This comprehensive repeal of China’s PNTR [Permanent normal Trade Relations] status and reform of the U.S.-China trade relationship will protect American workers, enhance our national security, and end the Chinese Communists’ leverage over our economy," Cotton said in a statement. "Giving Communist China the same trade benefits that we give to our greatest allies was one of the most catastrophic decisions that our country has ever made," said Rubio. Economists forecast that China’s GDP is expected to grow by nearly 5% in 2024. The U.S.’s forecasted GDP growth is half that. The legislation falls in line with one of Trump's top priorities: during the presidential debate this month, the former president said again that he would impose a 60% tariff on Chinese goods and a 10% baseline tariff on all imported goods. Vice President Kamala Harris scoffed at that plan as a "a sales tax on the American people." Earlier this month, China instituted new export controls on a batch of minerals that are critical to the U.S. defense industry, including antimony products. The little-known flame-retardant metal is used in ammunition, infrared missiles, nuclear weapons and night vision goggles, as well as batteries and photovoltaic equipment. China produced nearly half of the world’s antimony last year. BIDEN ROLLS OUT NEW CHINA TARIFFS In 2000, the U.S. Congress voted to grant China permanent normal trade relations. The designation fundamentally changed China-U.S. trade relations: American consumers gained access to low-priced Chinese imports and between 2001 and 2021, the value of goods imported from China quadrupled to $500 billion. "More than two decades ago, Washington elites granted China most favored nation trading status, enabling Beijing to exploit our working class. Congress must revoke this sweetheart deal to protect American workers from our greatest adversary and to bring back the millions of manufacturing jobs shipped overseas," said Hawley. The Biden administration earlier this month finalized plans to increase tariffs on certain Chinese-made products: the tariff rate would double for electric vehicles, go up 50% on solar cells and 25% on EV batteries, critical minerals, steel, aluminum, face masks and ship-to-shore cranes beginning September 27, according to the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative. Tariff hikes on other products, like semiconductor chips, are expected to go up over the next two years. CLICK HERE TO GET THE FOX NEWS APP Trump implemented sweeping tariffs on about $300 billion worth of Chinese-made products. Biden kept those in place and slapped more tariffs on about $15 billion of Chinese imports. China is widely expected to respond with tariffs on U.S.-made goods.
