在中华人民共和国即将迎来其第75个生日，即十月一号的前三天，中国外交部长王毅在国际舞台上发出明确信号，针对俄罗斯与乌克兰战争中的“战场扩大化”警告，并强调中国的政策旨在推动和平进程，致力于不使冲突进一步蔓延。
王毅声明中表明：“首要任务是避免战场扩大的行为。… 中国坚定地承担起建设性角色。”同时，他谴责某些国家“火上浇油”或利用局势谋取私利，这明眼人一看就指的是美国的行为。
此次声明并没有带来新意，在联合国每年的领导者会议中，中国近期一贯的做法是保持低调。实际上，其领导人习近平自2021年以来并未亲自参与峰会，只通过视频方式出席了那次疫情时期的特别活动。他已多未年来未亲临现场参会。
在周五的一次边会上，中国和巴西共同推进对乌克兰和平计划的讨论，他们宣布大约十几个国家签署了一项声明文件，指出注意到这项六点计划的内容。该计划强调组织乌克兰与俄罗斯参与和平会议，并坚持不扩大战场的原则，还包括其它一些条款。
虽然乌克兰官员对此提案反应冷淡，但签署声明的国家正在组成一个由驻联合国大使组成的“和平之友”小组，以便在互相之间持续进行对话。这个团体成员广泛涉及非洲、拉丁美洲以及亚洲的一些国家。王毅周五特意强调了该组别并没有决定任何具体国家政策。
中国对俄罗斯的支持是显而易见的，这被指责为违反《联合国宪章》，特别是由秘书长古特雷斯和美国及众多国际社会共同提出的观点。莫斯科坚持所谓“特别军事行动”是为了自卫，这是联合国宪章所允许的行为。
中国持续强调尊重其他国家主权的核心立场，不仅构成了其外交政策的基础，也是中国政府处理其边缘地区治理的传统困境——从西边的西藏与新疆，到东海岸的香港和台湾的重要哲学理念。这一传统挑战一直伴随着政权的统治和控制范围内的难题。
1949年10月1日，毛泽东领导下的中国共产党宣布建立新的政府，标志着中华人民共和国成立，这在之前的内战中取代了蒋介石国民党的统治地位，从而开始了一个国家由国民党台湾开始独立自治的历史。如今这一立场依然不变，并且坚信这是对中国的主权领土的争议。
“没有两个中国或一个中国和一个台湾的说法。在这个问题上，不存在灰色地带。”王毅如是说，“台湾终究会回归祖国的怀抱。这已经成为了历史潮流的一部分，无人能够阻挡。”
成立于1971年的中华民国政府（由蒋介石建立），在那一年之前是中国在联合国的成员国。自此之后，中国政府一直在努力孤立台湾，通过与承认其外交关系的国家提供奖励，并且有时候对不认可其地位的国家施加惩罚。
在每次联合国高级会议中，散落在会场上的支持台湾的国家领导人们——通常是较小的岛国——在演讲台上表达对于被国际社会忽视的政府的哀叹。王毅也在此议题上表示了立场和看法。
对于中东地区的紧张局势和朝鲜半岛的事态，中国一贯主张由“停火机制转向和平机制”的转变，并对朝鲜半岛至今仍处于战争状态给予关注与支持。与此同时，他向外界发出警告，坚决反对外来势力在东亚的干涉行动。
中东地区在二战结束后的1945年被从日本的殖民统治中解放出来后，分裂为亲美国的南韩和苏联支持的北韩两国。这两个韩国国家至今仍以停战状态保持隔阂，而中国长期支持朝鲜北方，美国则与南方结成紧密同盟。
关于人权问题，王毅重申了中国通常在国际事务中的立场，“没有一个国家可以在名义上的人权问题上侵犯他国的内政。” 他还坚称，中国选择了自己的发展道路，并且认为这与其他路径具有同等正当性。
“我们找到了一条符合中国国情的人权发展路径。”王毅强调道。然而，在国际范围内对于中国政府对西藏人、新疆地区少数民族尤其是维吾尔族人的待遇，以及最近在享有自由的香港特别行政区中的公民活动，已有长期的批评和谴责声浪存在。
新闻来源：www.abcnews.go.com
原文地址：China, at UN, warns against ‘expansion of the battlefield’ in the Ukraine war
新闻日期：2024-09-28
原文摘要：
Three days before his communist government turns 75, China's foreign minister warned fellow leaders Saturday against an “expansion of the battlefield” in Russia's war with Ukraine and said the Beijing government remains committed to shuttle diplomacy and efforts to push the conflict toward its end. “The top priority is to commit to no expansion of the battlefield. ... China is committed to playing a constructive role," Wang Yi said. He warned against other nations “throwing oil on the fire or exploiting the situation for selfish gains,” a likely reference to the United States. Wang's speech appeared to break no new ground, as is generally China's recent practice at the U.N. General Assembly's annual meeting of leaders. In fact, his boss, Chinese President Xi Jinping, has not participated in the leaders' meeting since 2021 — and then only virtually, during the pandemic. Xi has not attended in person for several years. On Friday, on the assembly sidelines, China and Brazil sought to build enthusiasm for their peace plan for Ukraine. They said about a dozen countries signed a communique that says they “note” the six-point plan. The plan calls for a peace conference with both Ukraine and Russia and no expansion of the battlefield, among other provisions. Ukrainian officials have given the proposal a cold shoulder, but the countries that signed the communique are forming a group of “friends for peace” for their U.N. ambassadors to keep the conversation going among themselves. Ranging from Algeria to Zambia, the members are largely African or Latin American countries. Wang made sure to note Friday that the group doesn’t decree individual countries’ policies. China has been an ally of Russia, a nation that has been accused of violating the U.N. Charter by Secretary-General António Guterres, the U.S. and many world nations. Moscow insists its so-called “special military operation” is in self-defense, which is allowed in the U.N. Charter. China's continuing and vehement insistence on respect for other nations' sovereignty is not only a cornerstone of its foreign policy but a foundational ethos for the government of a nation that has traditionally struggled to maintain control at its edges — from Xinjiang and Tibet in the far west to Hong Kong and Taiwan off its east coast. China's current government was established on Oct. 1, 1949, when it was proclaimed by communist revolutionary-turned-leader Mao Zedong in Beijing's Tiananmen Square after a civil war with Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist government. The Nationalists began ruling Taiwan as a self-governed island, and that practice continues today — and is something that China rejects and insists is only a temporary situation for territory it considers sovereign. “There is no such thing as two Chinas or one China-one Taiwan. On this matter there is no gray zone," Wang said. "Taiwan will eventually return to the embrace of the motherland. This is the overwhelming trend of history that no one can stop.” The Republic of China — the government in Taiwan established by Chiang Kai-shek — was a member of the United Nations until 1971, when the U.N. recognized the Beijing government. Since then, Beijing has worked to isolate Taiwan by rewarding nations that recognize it diplomatically and, sometimes, punishing those who do not. At every General Assembly high-level meeting, the leaders of scattered Taiwan-supporting nations — usually small ones — lament at the rostrum about the island's government being shunned by the international community. Wang also weighed in with China's positions on increasing Mideast tensions and the situation on the Korean Peninsula. The latter has always been a key strategic priority for Beijing. THE MIDEAST: Saying that “the question of Palestine is the biggest wound in human conscience,” Wang reiterated that China supports Palestinian statehood and full U.N. membership and insisted that a two-state solution is “the fundamental way out.” He did not mention Israel by name or directly reference the war that began when Hamas fighters streamed across the Gaza border into Israel, killing hundreds and taking dozens hostage. THE KOREAN PENINSULA: As is China's policy, Wang expressed support for a transition “from the armistice to a peace mechanism.” The two Koreas technically remain in a state of war since a 1950-53 conflict separated the peninsula into north and south. China has been a longtime backer of North Korea while the United States is a close ally of the South. He offered a veiled warning about others trying to pull strings in East Asia: “We are firmly against the meddling of countries outside the region.” The Korean Peninsula broke into the U.S.-supported, capitalistic South Korea and the Soviet-backed, socialist North Korea after its liberation from Japan’s 35-year colonial rule at the end of the World War II in 1945. The two Koreas have the world’s most heavily fortified border. HUMAN RIGHTS: Wang repeated China's usual talking points, saying that “no country should infringe on another’s internal affairs in the name of human rights" and insisting that China had chosen its own way, which is just as legitimate as others'. “We have found a path of human rights development that suits China’s national condition,” Wang said. Other nations and international rights groups have long condemned Beijing's treatment of Tibetans, ethnic Uyghurs in the far-west region of Xinjiang and — more recently — activists in the “special administrative region” of Hong Kong. ___ Associated Press writers Jennifer Peltz and Edith M. Lederer contributed to this report. See more of AP’s coverage of the U.N. General Assembly at https://apnews.com/hub/united-nations
