在联合国大会演讲时，俄罗斯外交部长拉夫罗夫周六发出警告称“与核大国作战求胜”的策略极具荒谬与危险性，并谴责西方试图在全球范围内建立霸权以及其对乌克兰乃至联合国内部的图谋。
三天前，俄罗斯总统普京提出调整国家核战略的方向。外长拉夫罗夫指责西方利用2022年入侵乌克兰事件作为工具，企图在战略上击败俄罗斯，并为欧洲也投入这场“自我毁灭”的行动做准备。
“在这里我不想谈论与核大国作战求胜的荒谬性和危险性，这是俄罗斯面临的情况。”他表示，“普京最近的宣布可能降低了俄方对使用核武器的门槛，这一动作被视为向美国和其他西方国家传递信号——特别是针对乌方渴望获得远程武器许可的问题。”
美国总统拜登本周宣布再拨款27亿美元军事援助给乌克兰，但不包括泽连斯基总统所寻求的中程武器，亦未授权乌克兰使用这类武器打击俄罗斯领土。
在周六演讲后的广泛新闻发布会上，拉夫罗夫抱怨西方政治家对俄的傲慢与攻击性正在妨碍全球治理，在联合国安理会和新采用的《未来公约》等平台上均有所体现。他批评北约的政治军事扩张企图进入南高加索、中亚地区，对俄罗斯的安全构成直接威胁。
美国旨在维持其霸权并控制一切，拉夫罗夫指责说，并列举了北约与新西兰、澳大利亚、韩国及日本等四个伙伴国深化关系的举动以及所谓的“四边安全对话”（Quad）机制，后者由美国、印度、澳大利亚和日本组成。关于核问题，俄罗斯在2023年2月暂停与美国执行《新START》核裁军条约后宣布将遵守其限制条件——最多部署1550枚核弹头以及700枚导弹及轰炸机，并表示将会遵守这些水平直到该条约于2026年到期。
自从战争开始以来，俄罗斯一直在乌克兰持续施加压力。普京在入侵前强调了俄罗斯作为强大核国家的地位，并在其后不久将核力量置于高度戒备状态。自那以后，他关于使用核武器的言论时高时低。
在周三的一次讲话中，普京称如果受到任何得到核武装国家支持的国家攻击，则俄方将其视为共同袭击。他对是否会采取核反击持开放态度，并强调对于可能对国家安全构成“重大威胁”的常规攻势，俄罗斯将使用核武回应。
美国和欧盟指责普京的说法“不负责任”。美国在拉夫罗夫周六的讲话后没有立即作出反应；作为回应，他们的一名低级外交官正在联合国的座位上记录拉夫罗夫的言论。
这场持续了2年半多的冲突中，俄罗斯继续在乌克兰东部取得缓慢但持续的进步。而乌克兰则通过导弹和无人机对俄罗斯领土进行打击，并且本月的突然袭击使莫斯科在其边境地区遭受了一次出乎意料的成功。
泽连斯基提出了以终止战争为宗旨的“和平公式”，包括驱逐所有俄罗斯军队、追究战争罪行、释放战俘以及强制性流放人员等条款。
与此并行，巴西和中国提出了一份旨在召集乌克兰与俄罗斯举行和平会议的方案。这一计划不希望战争范围扩大或冲突升级，并吸引了一些非洲和拉丁美洲国家加入成为“乌克兰和平之友”小组的一部分。拉夫罗夫在新闻发布会中表示俄罗斯愿意为此小组提供帮助与建议，并强调了提案应基于现实，而非抽象讨论。
以上信息由联合国报道收集并汇总。
新闻来源：www.abcnews.go.com
原文地址：Russia invokes nuclear capacity in a UN speech full of bile toward the West
新闻日期：2024-09-28
原文摘要：
Russia’s top diplomat warned Saturday against “trying to fight to victory with a nuclear power,” delivering a U.N. General Assembly speech packed with condemnations of what Russia sees as Western attempts at global domination and machinations in Ukraine -- and even inside the United Nations itself. Three days after Russian President Vladimir Putin aired a shift in his country’s nuclear doctrine, Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov accused the West of using Ukraine — which Russia invaded in February 2022 — as a tool to try “to defeat” Moscow strategically, and “preparing Europe for it to also throw itself into this suicidal escapade.” “I’m not going to talk here about the senselessness and the danger of the very idea of trying to fight to victory with a nuclear power, which is what Russia is,” he said. Putin’s recent announcement — which appeared to lower significantly the threshold for the possible use of Russia’s nuclear arsenal — was seen as a message to the U.S. and other Western countries as Ukraine seeks their go-ahead to strike Russia with longer-range weapons. “Whether or not they will provide the permission for Ukraine for long-range weapons, then we will see what their understanding was of what they heard,” Lavrov said at a news conference after his speech Saturday. The Biden administration this week announced an additional $2.7 billion in military aid for Ukraine, but it doesn’t include the type of long-range arms that President Volodymyr Zelenskyy is seeking, nor a green light to use such weapons to strike deep into Russia. In the wide-ranging news conference, Lavrov complained that the “arrogance and aggressiveness of Western politicians” toward Russia was hobbling global governance, from the U.N. Security Council to the newly adopted Pact for the Future, which Russia sought unsuccessfully to water down. He was critical of the geopolitical and military expansion of NATO, saying, “It is now trying to take root in the south Caucusus, in central Asia, creating direct threats to the security of our country.” NATO has partnerships with the three south Caucusus countries – Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan — and all central Asian countries except Afghanistan. But none is a NATO member. “And now the same is happening in the Asia-Pacific region, where NATO infrastructure is creeping in to contain or deter China and Russia,” he told the assembly. Lavrov accused the United States of seeking “to preserve their hegemony and to govern everything.” He pointed to NATO’s deepening relations with four partners – New Zealand, Australia, South Korea and Japan — as well as the so-called Quad which groups the U.S., India, Australia and Japan. On nuclear issues, when Russia suspended the New START nuclear treaty with the United States in February 2023, it said Moscow would abide by its limits – a maximum 1,550 deployed nuclear warheads and 700 deployed missiles and bombers. Lavrov told reporters Russia will comply with the levels until the expiration of the treaty in 2026. The specter of nuclear threats and confrontation has hung over the war in Ukraine since its start. Shortly before the invasion, Putin reminded the world that his country was “ one of the most powerful nuclear states,” and he put its nuclear forces on high alert shortly after. His nuclear rhetoric has ramped up and toned down at various points since. On Wednesday, Putin said that if attacked by any country supported by a nuclear-armed nation, Russia will consider that a joint attack. He didn’t specify whether that would bring a nuclear response, but he stressed that Russia could use nuclear weapons in response to a conventional assault that posed a “critical threat to our sovereignty.” The United States and the European Union called his statements “irresponsible.” There was no immediate response to Lavrov’s address Saturday from the U.S., which had a junior diplomat taking notes in its assembly seat as he spoke. More than 2½ years into the fighting, Russia is making slow but continuing gains in Ukraine’s east. Ukraine has repeatedly struck Russian territory with missiles and drones and embarrassed Moscow with a surprise incursion by its troops last month that made significant gains in a border region. Zelenskyy has pushed what he calls a peace formula to end the war. Provisions include expelling all Russian forces from Ukraine, ensuring accountability for war crimes, freeing prisoners of war and deportees, and more. Meanwhile, Brazil and China have been floating a peace plan that entails holding a peace conference with both Ukraine and Russia and not expanding the battlefield or otherwise escalating fighting. Chinese and Brazilian diplomats have been promoting the plan during the assembly and attracted a dozen other nations, mostly in Africa or Latin America, to join a group of “friends for peace” in Ukraine. Lavrov said at his news conference that Russia was ready to provide assistance and advice to the group, adding that “it’s important for their proposals to be underpinned by the realities and not just be taken from some abstract conversations.” ___ See more of AP’s coverage of the U.N. General Assembly at https://apnews.com/hub/united-nations
