在美国与中国的对峙日益激烈之际，根据全球咨询公司“策略风险”发布的一份报告，在其评估的250家最大美国上市公司中，“通用汽车”成为最有可能面临中国影响的美国企业。该公司在全面暴露评分指数中的得分为69分（满分为100），超越了福特等其他大型企业。排名第二的是苹果和空调制造商开利，它们得分相同为65分；特斯拉和波音并列第三，评级均为63分。紧随其后的前十名还有雷神技术公司、星巴克、卡特彼勒等。值得注意的是，与2022年相比，福特对中国的暴露度增加了20分，目前的评分几乎超过平均值（为34分）。该排名考虑了公司在华营收、与中国公司及官方的合作、涉及劳动权和人权的风险以及供应链等因素。
对于通用汽车而言，在被评估的企业中其得分最高，但这并不意味着其“在华存在”或“市场占有率”的优势。实际上，“策略风险”指出，该指数旨在衡量“中国暴露度”，即通用汽车与中国的紧密联系程度及其对中国风险的敏感度，并不直接反映中国市场地位。
对于不断升温的地缘政治紧张局势及美国与中国在技术、贸易等多领域摩擦的加剧，这为在华经营的美企带来了更大的不确定性。中国政府对美国的技术和医药供应链进行打压的可能性增大，而美国可能也会针对中国实施类似的措施以回应。尽管在整体评分中通用汽车居首，但在“业务基础”这一评估维度下，卡特彼勒和特斯拉均获得与通用相同得分（20分），意味着它们与中国市场的紧密程度同样值得关注。
就未来趋势而言，在中美关系持续紧张的背景下，美国企业对华投资的信心明显减弱。一项去年由上海美国商会进行的调查显示，超过一半的受访公司表示，对于未来五年在中国的业务前景感到至少一定程度乐观的比例有所下降。相比之下，星巴克、阿里巴巴等一些企业的中国暴露程度得分最低，分别为9分和100分，反映出它们在这一评估中的相对优势或劣势。
总的来看，中美之间的竞争与摩擦给双方企业都带来了前所未有的挑战，尤其是对通用汽车这样的全球巨头而言，在中国市场面临的不确定性日益增大。
新闻来源：www.bloomberg.com
原文地址：Ford (F) Most at Risk From China Exposure Among 250 American Firms
新闻日期：2024-09-30
原文摘要：
As the US and China square off over everything from tech to military might, has emerged as the American firm most at risk from its exposure to the world’s No. 2 economy, according to Strategy Risks, beating the likes of and Ford ranked first among 250 of the largest listed US companies with an overall exposure score of 69 out of 100, according to the latest index published by the New York-based consulting firm that helps companies mitigate their exposure to China. Apple and air conditioner maker tied a joint second with a score of 65 each, while Tesla and were a joint third with a rating of 63., , RTX Corp., and Caterpillar Inc. rounded out the top 10. Ford’s exposure increased by 20 points from 2022, with its current score standing at more than double the average rating of 34, according to Strategy Risks.The rankings took into account the companies’ revenue in China, partnerships with Chinese companies and the state, risks related to labor and human rights and supply chains, and also the lack of disclosure of their own assessment of risks in that geography.Ford declined to comment specifically on the rankings, citing lack of details.“Given that we have no insights into the methodologies or how these rankings were made, and have significant questions about the validity of the scoring, we have nothing to contribute to the story,” the company said in a statement.Ford, the second-largest US automaker, is the co-owner of at least seven state-controlled joint ventures in China and has at least four state influenced JVs as of December 2023, according to Strategy Risks. Ford says it has three JVs in China. The index is not measuring “China presence” or “China market share,” but is measuring “China exposure” and how entangled Ford is with China, and how exposed it is to China risks, Strategy Risks said.Read More: American companies with a presence in China in general face heightened risks amid rising tensions between the world’s two largest economies.Increasingly frayed ties between the two countries over matters from trade to geopolitics could drive , as Washington tries to cut China off from tech and pharmaceutical supply chains. At the same time, Beijing could retaliate with tit-for-tat actions targeting American businesses.Although Ford topped the overall score, Carrier and Tesla each scored 20 points — double that of Ford — on the business fundamentals measure, which tracks revenue in China, Strategy Risks said, without sharing more details.Ford previously identified Chinese electric vehicle makers as its main rivals, with Chief Executive Officer earlier this year that the company plans to across its Chinese operations to recover from a sales slump in the word’s largest auto market.Western companies’ optimism has been flagging amid growing concerns about geopolitics, US-China relations and China’s . A survey last year by the American Chamber of Commerce in Shanghai showed of US firms said they were at least slightly optimistic about the business outlook in China over the next five years. and San Francisco-based had the lowest China exposure among the 250 firms, with each scoring an overall nine out of 100, Strategy Risks said.
