美国财政部高级官员近日对中国在外汇互换协议上的透明度问题提出了批评，并敦促国际货币基金组织（IMF）对于发展中国家官方储备计算中包括这类协议时需保持谨慎。
这一论点出自美国财政部副次长内曼，在官办的全球金融与金融机构论坛活动中发言。该评论随后紧跟了最近美国与中国在有关中国人民银行（PBOC）互换线安排双边接触的讨论。
对于PBOC与其他新兴和发展中国家达成的一系列协议，尤其是阿根廷经济危机期间与中国的合作，内曼指出，这些协议的详细情况缺乏公开报告，导致IMF在处理这些协议时存在“混乱和不一致性”。
自2008年以来，中国央行与包括新兴市场国家在内的多个国家签订了多笔互换线，目的是为了强化人民币在全球范围内的角色。其中阿根廷尤为引人关注。
内曼指出，PBOC的互换线往往伴随着不透明的使用限制，并可能不符合IMF关于储备资产需“随时可用且由中央银行控制”的规定。
美国认为，任何带有严格使用限制或者内容未公开的协议，都与全球债务和开发融资的目标不相符合。此间，中国与其他国家之间的互换安排成为8月份中美高层经济官员会谈中的一个重点讨论议题之一。
内曼进一步指出，IMF在处理PBOC互换线时存在不同方式，比如斯里兰卡的协议被标记为“当前不可用”，而老挝的情况则显示该资产是否特定使用目的存疑。他呼吁，IMF在计算储备、分析债务可持续性以及确保融资保障过程中，其处理方式应保持一致性与符合已宣布政策。
最终，内曼强调了美国对于全球金融稳定及发展援助愿景的立场，并期待国际货币基金组织在相关政策中展现出更一致性和透明度。
新闻来源：www.bloomberg.com
原文地址：US Treasury Calls for Transparency on China’s Foreign-Exchange Swap Lines
新闻日期：2024-10-01
原文摘要：
A senior US Treasury official called out China for a lack of transparency with its foreign-exchange swap lines, and urged the International Monetary Fund to be wary of simply including them in its calculations of official reserves for developing nations.The remarks Tuesday by , the deputy undersecretary for international finance at the Treasury Department, follow recent bilateral engagement by the US with China with regard to the People’s Bank of China swap lines.“A lack of reporting by the PBOC on the details of each of its swap arrangements” has led to “confusing and inconsistent treatment” by the IMF of these agreements, Neiman said in remarks prepared for an event hosted by the Official Monetary and Financial Institutions Forum.The PBOC has entered a raft of agreements with other emerging and developed market countries over time, part of a broader venture to promote an international role for the yuan. Argentina has been prominent in with China as it battled an economic and financial crisis.PBOC swap lines “often come with opaque restrictions on their use and potentially do not satisfy the IMF’s rule that reserve assets must be ‘readily available and controlled by the monetary authorities,’” Neiman said.Any arrangements “that carry onerous use restrictions or where the terms are not publicly disclosed are also not generally in line with” the US’s vision for global debt and development finance, he said.China’s swap lines were on the of topics for the so-called Financial Working Group meeting in August of senior US and Chinese economic officials.Neiman said that the IMF have accounted in different ways for the PBOC swap lines for different countries, citing cases from Sri Lanka, Laos, Suriname and Argentina. For example, while in Sri Lanka the lines were termed “currently unusable,” in Laos fund staff indicated it was “uncertain” whether the assets were tied to certain purposes, he said.IMF treatment “should be consistent and compliant with its stated policy when it calculates reserves, analyzes debt sustainability, and secures financing assurances,” Neiman said.
