欧洲联盟即将于周五举行成员国投票，决定是否对来自中国的电动汽车征收高达45%的关税，此决策恐将加剧与北京之间的紧张关系。
根据欧盟执委会（该组织为欧盟执行机关）近期调查后发现中国以不公正方式补贴电动车产业，并提出上述提案，旨在保护欧洲企业不受冲击。若通过这些措施，则可能会招致中国的报复性关税——中国是欧盟第三大出口市场。中国对此采取谴责立场并已威胁对欧盟的葡萄酒、意面和太阳能板等商品征收关税。
近期中国九月份交付量数据强劲推动了股价上扬，特别是港股市场的比亚迪（BYD）与小鹏汽车（XPeng），这两家公司的股价分别上涨超过30%，在过去两周内。尽管如此，它们的整体股价年内仍呈下跌趋势，主要源于对即将实施的关税和市场竞争加剧的担忧。
27个成员国正就是否采纳这道激进贸易措施做出决定。德国呼吁欧盟暂停实施关税计划，并有经济部长警告此举可能导致贸易战。法国总统马克龙在周三重申了他对征收中国补贴的关税的支持，称这些补贴水平“不可承受”。
欧盟规定，除非有15个国家代表超过65%欧洲人口投票反对，欧委会才能在未来五年内实施新的进口税。
若关税付诸实行，中国电动车制造商必须决定是自行承担成本还是上调价格。而在国内利润空间已受极大压缩的情况下，这将是一个艰难的抉择。为了规避关税威胁，一些中国汽车公司考虑在欧洲建立工厂的举动已经引起关注。
Daiwa Securities分析师Kevin Lau认为，由于欧盟市场仅占中国汽车商总销量的一小部分，上述增税措施对中国制造商的影响将是有限的。据其估计，在今年前四个月中，比亚迪、小鹏和其他主要品牌在中国市场的销售额大约只占全球总销额的1%至3%。
尽管如此，欧洲和中国双方仍在努力寻找替代方案以避免关税风波。他们正在探讨是否能达成一项复杂机制来控制出口价格与数量，以此绕过反补贴税的约束。
如果贸易争端进一步升级，则对奔驰（Mercedes-Benz）与宝马（BMW）等德国汽车制造商的影响将最为显著——这两大品牌在2022年合计在中国市场销售了460万辆汽车。
新闻来源：www.bloomberg.com
原文地址：EU Set to Vote on Tariffs Targeting Electric Vehicles From China
新闻日期：2024-10-04
原文摘要：
The European Union’s member states are set to vote Friday on whether to impose tariffs as high as 45% on electric vehicles from China, a decision that could threaten to further ratchet up tensions with Beijing.Listen to the Here’s Why podcast on , or .The vote comes after the European Commission, the EU’s executive arm, that China unfairly subsidized its EV industry and proposed the tariffs to protect European companies.If passed, the measures risk triggering retaliatory duties from China, the bloc’s third-largest market for exports. Beijing has condemned the move as protectionism and has threatened tariffs on European , , and . Shares of Chinese EV makers have rallied in recent weeks thanks to China’s and September delivery figures, with and up more than 30% over the last two weeks in Hong Kong. Still, they are down for the year given concerns about pending tariffs and increased competition.The 27-member union was on whether to move forward with the aggressive trade measure. Germany has called for the EU to the tariff plan, with Economy Minister warning it could lead to a . French President reaffirmed his support for the levies on Wednesday, saying the level of Chinese subsidies was “unbearable.”EU rules stipulate that the European Commission can impose the new duties for the next five years unless 15 member states representing 65% of the bloc’s population vote against them.If tariffs are implemented, Chinese EV makers will have to decide whether to absorb them or raise prices, at a time when at home is their profit margins. The prospect of duties has prompted some Chinese automakers to consider in factories in Europe, which might help them tariffs.Still, Daiwa Securities analyst Kevin Lau said Europe’s tariff hikes will have a “minor impact” on Chinese manufacturers because the region accounts for only a fraction of their total sales. Europe contributed between 1% to 3% of overall sales for , and in the first four months of this year, he estimated.The EU and China will continue to find an alternative to the tariffs despite the coming vote. The two sides are exploring whether an agreement can be reached on a complex mechanism to control prices and volumes of exports used to avoid anti-subsidy tariffs.An escalation of the trade spat would hit German automakers including and the hardest, which collectively sold 4.6 million cars in China in 2022.
