欧盟成员国周五已表决决定，对中国进口的电动汽车加征关税，双方正继续谈判以在十月底前找到和解办法。
欧盟委员会欣然接受多数成员国通过其方案之举，虽然其中德国和匈牙利持反对意见。
除非中国提供解决方案以结束争端，否则这些关税将自十月三十一日起正式生效。
欧盟委员会发言人奥洛夫·吉尔表示，北京若提出的任何解决方案都必须完全遵循世界贸易组织规则、消除中国的不当补贴问题，并具备可监督与执行的机制。
对此，中国政府持反对态度。中国商务部发言人在网上发表声明指出，“中国坚决反对欧盟在本案中的不公、不合规则且不合理之保护主义行为，并坚决反对欧盟对中国电动汽车征收反补贴关税。”
然而，双方仍有四周时间进行协商。此前，欧盟经济委员会专员瓦尔迪斯·多布罗夫斯基和中国商务部长王文涛已展开对话，各技术专家也参与其中。
中欧之间的技术团队计划于十月七日重新开始谈判。
对中国的制造商而言，若实施关税，则包括比亚迪的17%、吉利汽车的18.8%，以及中国国有公司上汽集团出口车辆的35.3%。吉利拥有品牌如Polestar和瑞典沃尔沃等，而上汽集团则持有英国MG，这是欧洲销售表现最佳的电动汽车之一。
包含德国大众、宝马在内的其他中国制造商及西式企业，则面临20.7%的关税。欧盟委员会对特斯拉施以个别计算方式得出的税率为7.8%。
这项报复性关税引发德国强烈反对，该国拥有欧盟最大经济体地位，并集中有重大汽车制造业资源。
德国汽车工业协会表示，德国政府对此投票反对的决定是正确的信号，它标志着更远离全球化合作的一步。其主席希尔黛格·穆勒指出，这种措施应该防止局势升级，理想情况应避免关税的征收以避免贸易冲突风险。
匈牙利总理维克托·欧班警告欧盟可能与中国展开“经济冷战”，并承诺将投票反对这些关税。他告诉国营广播：“这对欧洲来说是最糟糕的事情……如果继续下去，欧洲的经济将会消亡。”
根据欧盟委员会的数据，在北京补贴政策的助力下，中国制造的电动汽车份额从2020年的3.9%飙升至了2023年九月的25%，这主要是以不合理地压低欧盟市场售价的方式实现。
布鲁塞尔指控中国的公司们从地方政府低廉的工业用地、国家国有企业提供的低于市场的锂和电池供给、税优政策以及国家控制银行提供的便捷融资等各环节获得补贴。这一急速增长引发了对威胁欧盟本土绿色技术产业生产的担忧，同时对环境问题进行抵抗，也引发对250万汽车行业工作者及1030万依赖电动汽车生产间接就业的人员工作保障的忧虑。
新闻来源：www.abcnews.go.com
原文地址：EU countries vote to impose duties on China EVs ahead of an end-of-October deadline
新闻日期：2024-10-04
原文摘要：
European Union countries on Friday voted to impose duties on imports of electric vehicles from China, as talks continued between Brussels and Beijing to find an amicable solution to their trade dispute before an end-of-October deadline. Electric vehicles have become a major flash point in a broader trade dispute over the influence of Chinese government subsidies on European markets — which has forced the undercutting of EU industry prices — and Beijing’s burgeoning exports of green technology to the bloc. The European Commission, which manages trade on behalf of the 27 member countries, welcomed their majority approval of its plan to impose the duties, even though EU automotive powerhouse Germany and Hungary voted against it. Those duties will come into force on Oct. 31 unless China has a solution to end the standoff. Commission spokesman Olof Gill said that any solution proposed by Beijing would have to be fully compatible with World Trade Organization rules, remedy “the injurious subsidization” by China, and be “monitorable and enforceable.” Beijing opposes the duties. “China firmly opposes the EU’s unfair, non-compliant and unreasonable protectionist practices in this case, and firmly opposes the EU’s imposition of anti-subsidy duties on Chinese electric vehicles,” a spokesperson at China’s Commerce Ministry said in comments posted online. Still, it means that the EU and the Chinese government have four more weeks to negotiate. Talks have already been held between Valdis Dombrovskis, the EU commissioner for the economy, and Chinese Trade Minister Wang Wentao, as well as at the level of technical experts. The China-EU technical teams are due to resume negotiations on Oct. 7. The duties on Chinese manufacturers, if applied, would be 17% on cars from BYD, 18.8% on those from Geely and 35.3% for vehicles exported by China’s state-owned SAIC. Geely has brands including Polestar and Sweden’s Volvo, while SAIC owns Britain’s MG, one of Europe’s bestselling EV brands. Other EV manufacturers in China including Western companies such as Volkswagen and BMW would be subject to duties of 20.7%. The commission has an “individually calculated” rate for Tesla of 7.8%. The retaliatory duties have run into opposition in Germany, which has Europe’s biggest economy and is home to major automakers. Germany’s auto industry association, the VDA, said the German government sent the “right signal” by voting against them. Hildegard Müller, who chairs the group, called the decision “a further step away from global cooperation.” She acknowledged that there is a need for negotiations with China and said that they “must prevent an escalation – ideally avert the tariffs, so that we don’t risk a trade conflict.” Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán warned that the EU risks starting an “economic cold war” with China, and he pledged to vote against the duties. “This is the worst thing that can happen to Europe. ... If this continues, the European economy will die,” he told state radio. According to the commission, Chinese-built electric cars jumped from 3.9% of the EV market in 2020 to 25% by September 2023, in part by unfairly undercutting EU industry prices. Brussels says companies in China accomplished that with the help of subsidies across the production chain. They ran from cheap land for factories from local governments to below-market supplies of lithium and batteries from state-owned enterprises to tax breaks and easy financing from state-controlled banks. The rapid growth in market share has sparked fears that Chinese cars will eventually threaten the EU’s ability to produce its own green technology to combat climate change, as well as the jobs of 2.5 million auto industry workers and 10.3 million more people whose jobs depend indirectly on EV production. ___ Geir Moulson in Berlin contributed to this report.
