美国商务部计划在本周一提出一项禁令，禁止销售或进口采用特定中国或俄罗斯技术的智能车辆，这一决定系因国家安全考量所致。
根据美国官员，2月启动的一项政府调查揭示了中国和俄罗斯嵌入式软硬件于美国汽车内所带来的系列国家安全风险。具体而言，包括远程破坏的可能性与对驾驶员个人数据的搜集问题。商务部长吉娜·雷蒙多（Gina Raimondo）在周日的电话会议上表示：“极端情况下，外国对手可以同时关闭或控制位于美国境内的所有这类车辆，导致交通事故或者封锁道路。”
需要明确的是，这项规则不会涵盖已在美道路上行驶并已搭载有中国软件的汽车。一位高级政府官员向CNN透露。
商务部指出，智能车辆禁令将适用于“车型年份”2027年的车辆及“车型年份”为2030年的硬件产品。
这一监管行动是美国与中国的全球经济竞争的一部分，两国均为未来关键计算技术——从半导体到人工智能软件的主要经济体。中国特别在车联网市场投入了大量资源，并在中国企业在欧洲的渗透使美国官员感到担忧的情况下有所进展。
中国政府对特斯拉（TSLA）车辆收集的数据持有同样关切，此前有报道指出一些中国政府机关已禁止这些车辆进入其辖内设施。
商务部所提出的规则覆盖“联网车辆”这一广泛定义下的所有现代汽车、公共汽车和卡车。这里提及的联网功能包括道路援助、卫星通信以及其他多种特征，涉及与关键通信技术交互的硬件及软件（如蓝牙、WiFi 和蜂窝技术），这些技术允许车辆与其外部世界进行沟通。
公众评论期将持续30天，并且商务部计划在拜登政府结束前发布最终规定。高级官员透露，拜登政府也将于周一公布关于遵守拟议规则对汽车制造商和消费者可能产生的成本的经济分析报告。
雷蒙多强调这并非针对贸易或经济优势的保护主义举动，“这是一项纯粹关乎国家安全的措施”。她指出：“如果（中国）或其他外国对手收集了有关驾驶员居住地、孩子就读学校或就诊医院等信息，那么对于美国人来说，这些数据使他们变得脆弱。”
美国官员担忧，配备特定硬件或软件的电动充电站及其他基础设施可能成为与中国、俄罗斯或他国关联黑客进行攻击的目标。白宫国家安全顾问杰克·沙利文（Jake Sullivan）在电话会议上表示：“我们已经看到了充分证据显示中国在对我们关键基础设施预先部署恶意软件以进行破坏和攻击。”如果美国道路上增加了数百万辆配备着易受影响且为中国制造技术的智能汽车，“破坏与攻击的风险将显著增加”，他说。
中国政府否认美国关于其黑客已渗透至美基础设施的说法。外交部发言人林坚（音译）在一份声明中表示：“我们反对美国扩大国家安全概念和针对中国公司和产品的歧视性行动。”并呼吁美国尊重市场原则，为中国企业提供开放、公平、透明与非歧视的商业环境。
这标志着商务部试图运用其广泛的监管权力来保护消费者免受被认定为国家安全威胁的外国制造软件侵害的最新例子。今年六月，商务部禁止了由俄罗斯网络安全公司卡巴斯基实验室（Kaspersky Lab）提供的某些产品和服务的销售和提供，该公司反病毒软件全球用户超过数亿人。
值得注意的是，CNN 的肖恩·邓亦为此报道做出了贡献。
新闻来源：www.cnn.com
原文地址：US proposes ban on smart cars with Chinese and Russian tech
新闻日期：2024-09-23
原文摘要：
The US Commerce Department on Monday will propose a ban on the sale or import of smart vehicles that use specific Chinese or Russian technology because of national security concerns, according to US officials. A US government investigation that began in February found a range of national security risks from embedded software and hardware from China and Russia in US vehicles, including the possibility of remote sabotage by hacking and the collection of personal data on drivers, Secretary of Commerce Gina Raimondo told reporters Sunday in a conference call. “In extreme situations, a foreign adversary could shut down or take control of all their vehicles operating in the United States, all at the same time, causing crashes (or) blocking roads,” she said. The rule would not apply to cars already on the road in the US that already have Chinese software installed, a senior administration official told CNN. The software ban would take effect for vehicles for “model year” 2027 and the hardware ban for “model year” 2030, according to the Commerce Department. The proposed regulatory action is part of a much broader struggle between the United States and China, the world’s two biggest economies, to secure the supply chains of the key computing technology of the future, from semiconductors to AI software. China, in particular, has invested heavily in the connected car market, and inroads made by Chinese manufacturers in Europe have worried US officials. The Chinese government has its own concerns about the data gathered by Tesla (TSLA) vehicles, and some Chinese government authorities have barred the vehicles from entering their compounds, CNN has previously reported. The Commerce Department’s proposed rule is on “connected vehicles,” a broad term for virtually any modern car, bus or truck that uses network connections for roadside assistance, satellite communications or a range of other features. It covers hardware and software that interact with key technology that allows a vehicle to communicate with the outside world, such as Bluetooth, WiFi and cellular technology. There will be a 30-day public comment period on the proposed rule and the Commerce Department aims to issue a final regulation before the end of the Biden administration, a senior administration official told reporters On Monday, the Biden administration will also release an economic analysis of the expected costs for automakers and consumers to comply with the proposed rule, the official said. Raimondo said Monday’s announcement was not a protectionist move, a charge made by Chinese critics. “This is not about trade or economic advantage,” Raimondo said. “This is a strictly national security action.” “If (China) or Russia, for example, could collect data on where the driver lives or what school their kids go to, where (their) doctor is, that’s data that would leave that American vulnerable,” she said. US officials are concerned that electric charging stations and other infrastructure outfitted with certain hardware or software could be exploited by hackers with ties to China, Russia or other foreign powers. “We’ve already seen ample evidence of the PRC pre-positioning malware on our critical infrastructure for the purpose of disruption and sabotage,” White House national security adviser Jake Sullivan told reporters on the conference call, using an acronym for the Chinese government. If millions more smart cars with vulnerable, Chinese-made tech are on US roads, “the risk of disruption and sabotage increases dramatically,” he said. The Chinese government has denied US allegations that its hackers have embedded in US infrastructure. “China opposes the US’s broadening of the concept of national security and the discriminatory actions taken against Chinese companies and products,” said Lin Jian, spokesman for China’s Foreign Ministry, in a statement. “We urge the US side to respect market principles and provide an open, fair, transparent, and non-discriminatory business environment for Chinese enterprises.” It’s the latest example of the Commerce Department attempting to use its broad regulatory authority to shield US consumers from foreign-made software that is deemed a national security threat. In June, the department banned the sale and provision of certain products and services made by Russian cybersecurity firm Kaspersky Lab, whose anti-virus software is used by hundreds of millions of people around the world. CNN’s Shawn Deng contributed to this report.
