8月，根据分析师的说法，中国青年失业率创下自去年年底实施新统计系统以来的最高水平。这主要由经济增长放缓以及招聘政策限制所驱动。
最新数据显示，16至24岁不在校、未受教育的年轻人的失业率达到18.8%，较7月份的17.1%及6月份的13.2%均有上升。国家统计局本周五公布了这一数据。同时发布的全国各年龄段城镇居民总体失业率升至5.3%，相较于7月的5.2%有所增加。
丹王，汇丰银行首席经济学家指出，在过去三年中，以前吸收大量应届毕业生的高附加值城市服务业遭受萎缩，尤其是房地产、金融和IT行业。这意味着年轻人发现高薪工作越来越难找。
中国青年失业率受到经济疲软背景下公司不愿招聘新毕业大学生的影响。山恩·雷尼创办的中国市场研究集团的创始人解释称，鉴于在中国解雇员工需承担高额费用及法律风险，许多企业现在拒绝招录应届毕业生。
“目前一些公司都不愿雇佣新大学毕业生了，担心未来如果经济持续低迷需要裁员时可能会面临高昂的成本和法律挑战。”山恩·雷尼表示，“按照中国法律规定，解雇员工至少需支付相当于工作满2年的员工n+2个月的薪酬，包括一个月通知期及两月工资。因此现在没人想轻易裁人或招新员工。”
埃里卡·台，马银行宏观研究部主管还指出，每年夏季高校毕业生进入劳动力市场会带来失业率的季节性上涨。当前新增竞争者与之前一轮毕业生尚未完全就业之间出现叠加效应，这增加了长期高失业风险。
除了最新的青年失业数据外，近几周中国还公布了更多令人失望的经济指标——零售销售和工业生产增速不及预期。
值得注意的是，在后疫情时期的疲软复苏之后，全球第二大经济体正在面临房地产市场下滑及消费者信心不足等多重挑战。虽然呼吁政策宽松与刺激措施的声音不断高涨，但中国人民银行上周五决定保持关键利率不变。
以上内容综合概述了中国经济面临的就业形势、青年失业率的上升及其背后的原因，并提到了宏观经济数据的整体情况以及中国人民银行对利率调整的决策。
新闻来源：www.nbcnews.com
原文地址：China’s youth unemployment hits fresh high amid economic slowdown and restrictive hiring policies
新闻日期：2024-09-23
原文摘要：
China’s youth unemployment rate in August rose to the highest level since the new system of record-keeping began in December, driven by an economic slowdown and restrictive hiring policies, according to analysts. The jobless rate for people in China ages 16 to 24, and not in school, rose to 18.8% last month, data from the National Bureau of Statistics showed Friday. That’s up from 17.1% in July, and 13.2% in June. China’s urban unemployment rate across all age categories rose 5.3% in August, compared to a 5.2% rise in July. “It’s increasingly hard for young people to find high paying jobs as before, because in the past three years, the high value-added city services sectors which used to absorb many fresh graduates were in sharp contraction, in particular real estate, finance and IT,” said Dan Wang, chief economist at HSBC. China’s youth unemployment has also been affected by restrictive hiring policies amid a struggling economy as companies are refusing to hire recent college graduates due to the difficulty and costs involved in firing workers in China. “Many companies are refusing to hire recent college graduates now because they worry about the costs and legal difficulties if they have to let someone go a year down the line if the economy remains in the doldrums,” said Shaun Rein, founder of China Market Research Group. . “Companies have to pay n+2. If someone works for 2 years, i.e. a 30 day notice plus 2 months salary. This is expensive so no one wants to fire anyone now or hire anyone new,” he noted. “That’s why the [overall] unemployment rate isn’t that bad but the unemployment rate for youths is so high,” Rein added. Unemployment rates are also typically higher during college graduation seasons during the summer months, said Erica Tay, director of macro research at Maybank. “As fresh competition has entered the market before the previous wave of college graduates were fully employed, this pile-up adds to the risk of hysteresis or stubborn, long-term unemployment,” she told CNBC. The unemployment data comes on the back of a slew of other disappointing numbers from China in recent weeks, with retail sales and industrial production growing at a slower-that-expected pace. China paused reporting the youth unemployment rate for much of the latter half of last year while it reassessed its calculation methods. The updated jobless rate for young people excludes those who are still in school, reflecting the increasing number of individuals pursuing higher education in a more competitive job market. Following a lackluster recovery last year from the Covid-19 pandemic, the world’s second-largest economy continues to face challenges due to a decline in the real estate market and weak consumer confidence. Despite growing calls for policy easing and stimulus measures, the People’s Bank of China left its key benchmark rate on hold on Friday.
