根据《纽约时报》Bloomberg News的报道，美国即将推出一项提案——禁止在自动驾驶及车辆通讯系统中使用中国与俄罗斯的技术及设备。此计划背后是拜登总统对潜在网络安全威胁的关注，这些威胁源自于中国汽车软件中的安全隐患。
上海Automobility公司创始人兼首席执行官Bill Russo对此提出了质疑，认为若除汽车外的电子产品可以接纳中国的软硬件技术，那么为何在汽车上就有异议？他追问美国此举的最终目标究竟是什么，并指出了一个关键问题：“如果政策目的是降低对中国软件的风险，那这个风险的边界应设定在哪里？”他认为，完全禁止这些设备可能会加剧美中两国间的政治紧张关系，并会以某种形式的对等反制来影响美国在华企业的利益。
与此同时，Russo认为此举不仅可能引发中国对美国企业在中国市场的报复行动，还可能导致中美关系进一步恶化。今年五月，针对进口电动汽车关税的提高已经高达102.5%，但这并没有阻止前总统特朗普及其在美行业人士对中国的警告：中国车企可能会利用墨西哥作为规避这些关税的新策略据点。
Sino Auto Insights公司的创始人Tu Le分析指出，这一美国的计划将关闭一个中国企业一直在寻求的、用于绕开进口关税进入全球最大汽车市场的通道。此举可能让那些考虑在美国、加拿大和墨西哥三国自由贸易协定（NAFTA或USMCA）下利用墨西哥作为出口枢纽的中国汽车制造商们却步。
对此事作出回应的措施包括三个国家贸易部长在五月份提出的合作提议，旨在“共同扩大与涉及其他国家市场政策及实践非市场化问题的相关合作”，该声明明确指向中国。根据美国贸易代表署七月的一份报告，美政府对中国的汽车制造商行动及政府补贴表达了忧虑。报告指出：“在全球关键产业领域中，中华人民共和国正在聚焦电动车行业以实现主导地位。”并称“其使用非市场政策与实践在境内生产商品，这削弱了供应链的韧性，并剥夺了工人和市场导向企业公平竞争的机会。”
与此同时，在欧洲，中国电动汽车的大量涌入也引发了重大的反倾销调查。欧共体（European Commission）指责中国的电动汽车被过度补贴且不正当地扭曲了整个欧盟汽车业。
而中国电动汽车软硬件在互联网或云服务中的应用，赋予了现代车辆与其驾驶员互动的新方式及功能，从而引发了关于数据隐私和网络安全的担忧。但同时还有商业性考量：据彭博行业研究（Bloomberg Intelligence）估计，到2030年这一市场将价值近7500亿美元。
在对美拟订规则反应下，涉及互联汽车软件与硬件相关股票的表现喜忧参半。港股上市企业中至少有一家股价下跌超过3%，而在深圳交易的企业股价则最高上涨了2.1%。
新闻来源：www.bloomberg.com
原文地址：US Curbs on Chinese EV Software Tech Could Lead to Retaliation
新闻日期：2024-09-23
原文摘要：
A US plan that would further limit Chinese electric cars via software and hardware curbs may have ramifications beyond the auto industry and could result in retaliation against US businesses in China, some analysts say.US officials are set to unveil a proposal to ban the use and testing of Chinese and Russian technology and equipment in automated driving and vehicle communications systems, people familiar with the matter Bloomberg News. The pending restrictions stem from an into cybersecurity risks posed by Chinese vehicle software that President Joe Biden launched in March.Bill Russo, founder and chief executive officer of Shanghai-based investment advisory firm Automobility, questioned the US strategy given the proliferation of Chinese software in other consumer products. “If it’s OK in something other than a car, it’s OK if it’s in a TV set or a smart device, what is the end game here?” he said. “If the goal is to de-risk China software, where do you draw the line?”He added that an outright ban would only ratchet up existing political tensions between the two superpowers and would be met with reciprocity that will impact US business in China. In May, the US quadrupled on Chinese EVs to a punitive 102.5%. Despite that, politicians including former President Donald Trump and industry figures in the US have expressed increasing that Chinese car companies will set up in Mexico to avoid the tariffs. Tu Le, founder of US-based advisory firm Sino Auto Insights, said Washington’s plan will close a major loophole that Chinese EV makers have eyed as a way to bypass import tariffs into one of the world’s biggest auto markets, without having to unpick a free trade accord between the US, Mexico and Canada, also known as the North American Free Trade Agreement or USMCA.“This is the US closing the Mexico back door because if Chinese automakers had decided to build in Mexico, then they could enter via the USMCA and have free reign into the US,” he said. “The USMCA can stay intact while Chinese vehicles can’t enter the US.”In response to US concerns, the trade ministers of the three USMCA members in May to “jointly expand their collaboration on issues related to non-market policies and practices of other countries,” a statement directed at China, according to a July from the US Trade Representative. That report to Congress expressed concern about the actions of Chinese car manufacturers and government subsidies. “As with other key industrial sectors, the People’s Republic of China is targeting the EV sector for dominance,” it said. “It uses non-market policies and practices to concentrate production of goods within its borders, which undermines supply chain resilience and robs our workers and market-oriented businesses of the ability to compete fairly.”China’s auto industry is also facing heavy pushback in Europe for flooding the continent with cheap EVs, which Brussels says are heavily-subsidized and unfairly distorting the bloc’s auto industry.Chinese EVs have reshaped how today’s cars, connected to internet or cloud services, engage with drivers and what features they offer. These capabilities have given rise to growing US concerns about data and cybersecurity risks. But there are also purely commercial worries too, with Bloomberg Intelligence estimating will constitute a global market worth almost $750 billion by 2030.Shares tied to software and hardware for connected vehicles were mixed Monday in response to the proposed US rules targeting their technology. Hong Kong-listed fell as much as 3.1% while in Shenzhen, rose as much as 2.1%.
