中国政府首次计划向国内最大商行追加资本金注入以稳定银行业。这举措旨在应对低利润、下滑盈利及上升不良债务等问题。在周二召开的非例行新闻发布会上，监管层宣布将通过增加六大主要商业银行的核心一级资本，以及采取多项措施支撑房地产市场和宏观经济。
具体政策包括对不同银行实施差异化注资策略，确保资金适时、有序注入，同时要求大型金融机构强化资本管理与运营效率，更有效地服务实体经济。此外，当局在当天宣布了大规模刺激计划以提振增长势头，内容涵盖普遍下调房贷利率等举措，这增加了银行的成本压力。
监管机构表示需要通过内外部多种渠道增加资本金，这是自2008年对国有大行直接注资以来首次行动，并且所有商业银行都已实现上市。至于如何让国有股东，如财政部，提升在大型银行的持股比例仍不明晰，但此次计划明确显示了监管机构紧急发出积极信号，以稳定关键金融机构——大型商行，在经济压力加大的背景下保障金融系统的稳健性。
国内主要大行过去主要依赖留存收益来补充资本金。然而，为了降低费用并提供贷款优惠，银行的净息差已降至历史低位，并导致盈利增长放缓。当前这六家国有商业银行的核心一级资本充足率略有下降，但仍保持在较高水平。截至6月末，平均充足率为11.77%，远高于系统重要银行要求的8.5%。
人民银行行长在新闻发布会上指出新利率调整方案将对银行业利润和利差产生中性影响——因资金面得到补充且存款利率亦随之下调，总体而言对盈利无太大影响。银行已通过多次降息操作来抵消贷款利率下降带来的负面影响。今年上半年中国各大商行合计利润增长仅为0.4%，为自2020年来最慢增幅；净息差也降至创纪录低点1.54%，低于维持合理利润率所需的1.8%阈值。
新闻来源：www.bloomberg.com
原文地址：China to Add Capital at Big Banks for First Time in a Decade
新闻日期：2024-09-24
原文摘要：
China is planning to recapitalize its biggest commercial lenders for the first time in more than a decade, in a bid to strengthen the industry battling with record low margins, sinking profits and rising bad debt. At a rare press conference on Tuesday, authorities flagged they will increase the core tier 1 capital at its six major commercial banks, along with a slew of other measures to shore up the real estate market and the economy. “Capital will be injected to different banks in turns and with different policies,” said , minister of the National Financial Regulatory Administration, without giving more details. The regulator will urge big banks to enhance capital management capabilities and strengthen operations to better serve as a driving force for the real economy, he said. Authorities on Tuesday announced a major stimulus push to shore up growth. The plan included a broad-based cut to existing mortgage rates, adding to pressure on banks by lowering annual interest expenses by about 150 billion yuan ($21 billion). Regulators also reduced how much banks need to hold in reserves and a cut to the key policy rate. Li said that it has become necessary to add capital through various internal and external channels. It would be the first time since 2008 that authorities have injected capital into one of its big banks and the first time since they all became public companies. “It’s unclear how the state-owned shareholders, including the Ministry of Finance, will increase their stakes in the large banks,” said Liao Zhiming, an analyst at Huayuan Securities Co. “Still, the plan shows regulators are urgently sending positive signals to support the banking industry by stabilizing its main force — the big banks — in serving the real economy which is under increasing pressure with significant margin declines and ensuring the prevention of systemic risk.” Large commercial banks, and , have primarily relied on retained profits to increase capital. However, as they have continued to reduce fees and offer loan concessions, net interest margins have slid to record lows and profit growth has slowed. The core tier 1 capital adequacy ratio of the six major state-owned banks has fallen slightly, but remains at an overall high level. On average, the ratio was 11.77% at the end of June, above the 8.5% level required for China’s systemically important banks.The other big lenders include , , and ICBC gained 5.2% and Bank of China rose 4.2% in Hong Kong as of 1:22 pm. Governor said at the press conference that the new round of interest rate adjustments will have a neutral impact on bank profits and margins, given that more funding is freed up and deposit rates will follow suit.Banks have resorted to multiple deposit rate cuts to mitigate the impact of lower loan rates. Combined profits at China’s commercial lenders rose 0.4% in the first half, the slowest pace since 2020, according to official data. The sector’s net interest margins have continued to decline, hitting a record low of 1.54% at the end of June, well below the 1.8% threshold regarded as necessary to maintain reasonable profitability.
