欧盟成员国在周五投票决定对中国电动汽车实施关税，以缓和与北京之间的贸易争端。该争端涉及到中国政府补贴对欧洲市场的影响以及中国绿色技术出口增长，导致了欧州汽车行业的价格下跌。
然而，在10月31日实施这些关税之前，双方仍需要协商找到解决方案并达成一致。任何由中国提出的方案都必须符合世界贸易组织规则、解决中国“不公平”补贴问题，并具有可监测性和执行性。
中国政府对此持反对意见：“我们坚决反对欧盟在这次案件中的不公正、非合规和不合理保护主义行为，也强烈反对欧盟对中国的电动汽车征收反补贴关税。”
当前局势下，欧盟与中国政府还有四周的时间进行谈判。之前已经进行了由经济委员Valdis Dombrovskis与商务部长Wang Wentao的会面以及专家层面的技术交流。
如果实施针对中国制造商的关税，将按照17%、18.8%和35.3%的比例分别对BYD、Geely和SAIC生产的车辆征税。Geely的品牌包括Polestar和瑞典的Volvo，而SAIC则持有英国MG品牌，后者是欧洲销量最高的电动汽车品牌之一。
其他在中国的电动汽车制造商，包括来自西方的公司如Volkswagen和BMW，需要支付20.7%的关税。特斯拉在欧盟的税率则由委员会计算为7.8%。
面对这种形势，德国汽车业组织表示支持政府的决定，强调这一举措是对全球合作的进一步偏离。匈牙利总理Orbán警告说，若持续实施此类措施将使欧盟面临“经济冷战”风险，并承诺会投票反对征收关税。
根据欧盟委员会的数据，中国生产电动汽车的市场份额从2020年的3.9%大幅增长到2023年9月的25%，这一部分是因为不公平地压低了欧盟市场的价格。布鲁塞尔指出，中国企业通过当地政府提供廉价土地、国家企业以市场价以下的价格供应锂和电池以及享受税收减免和来自国有银行的容易融资实现了这一增长。
这种市场份额的快速增长引发了欧洲对可能威胁其本土绿色技术生产能力的担忧，以及因此产生的250万汽车业就业人员的工作安全，还有与电动汽车生产相关的另外1,030万人间接依赖的职业前景。
新闻来源：www.abcnews.go.com
原文地址：EU countries vote to impose duties on China EVs ahead of an end-of-October deadline
新闻日期：2024-10-04
原文摘要：
European Union countries on Friday voted to impose duties on imports of electric vehicles from China, as talks continued between Brussels and Beijing to find an amicable solution to their trade dispute before an end-of-October deadline. Electric vehicles have become a major flash point in a broader trade dispute over the influence of Chinese government subsidies on European markets — which has forced the undercutting of EU industry prices — and Beijing’s burgeoning exports of green technology to the bloc. The European Commission, which manages trade on behalf of the 27 member countries, welcomed their majority approval of its plan to impose the duties, even though EU automotive powerhouse Germany and Hungary voted against it. Those duties will come into force on Oct. 31 unless China has a solution to end the standoff. Commission spokesman Olof Gill said that any solution proposed by Beijing would have to be fully compatible with World Trade Organization rules, remedy “the injurious subsidization” by China, and be “monitorable and enforceable.” Beijing opposes the duties. “China firmly opposes the EU’s unfair, non-compliant and unreasonable protectionist practices in this case, and firmly opposes the EU’s imposition of anti-subsidy duties on Chinese electric vehicles,” a spokesperson at China’s Commerce Ministry said in comments posted online. Still, it means that the EU and the Chinese government have four more weeks to negotiate. Talks have already been held between Valdis Dombrovskis, the EU commissioner for the economy, and Chinese Trade Minister Wang Wentao, as well as at the level of technical experts. The China-EU technical teams are due to resume negotiations on Oct. 7. The duties on Chinese manufacturers, if applied, would be 17% on cars from BYD, 18.8% on those from Geely and 35.3% for vehicles exported by China’s state-owned SAIC. Geely has brands including Polestar and Sweden’s Volvo, while SAIC owns Britain’s MG, one of Europe’s bestselling EV brands. Other EV manufacturers in China including Western companies such as Volkswagen and BMW would be subject to duties of 20.7%. The commission has an “individually calculated” rate for Tesla of 7.8%. The retaliatory duties have run into opposition in Germany, which has Europe’s biggest economy and is home to major automakers. Germany’s auto industry association, the VDA, said the German government sent the “right signal” by voting against them. Hildegard Müller, who chairs the group, called the decision “a further step away from global cooperation.” She acknowledged that there is a need for negotiations with China and said that they “must prevent an escalation – ideally avert the tariffs, so that we don’t risk a trade conflict.” Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán warned that the EU risks starting an “economic cold war” with China, and he pledged to vote against the duties. “This is the worst thing that can happen to Europe. ... If this continues, the European economy will die,” he told state radio. According to the commission, Chinese-built electric cars jumped from 3.9% of the EV market in 2020 to 25% by September 2023, in part by unfairly undercutting EU industry prices. Brussels says companies in China accomplished that with the help of subsidies across the production chain. They ran from cheap land for factories from local governments to below-market supplies of lithium and batteries from state-owned enterprises to tax breaks and easy financing from state-controlled banks. The rapid growth in market share has sparked fears that Chinese cars will eventually threaten the EU’s ability to produce its own green technology to combat climate change, as well as the jobs of 2.5 million auto industry workers and 10.3 million more people whose jobs depend indirectly on EV production. ___ Geir Moulson in Berlin contributed to this report.
