新闻来源：www.bloomberg.com
原文地址：Maker of Elmer’s Glue Is Showing How to Wean Off China
新闻日期：2024-09-09
中国加入世界贸易组织后逐渐成为“世界的工厂”，但这种局面正在发生变化。
中国制造主导地位出现裂痕，始于美国根据1974年《贸易法》第301条规定实施的关税政策。特朗普总统广泛地对中国的商品加征关税，给全球贸易带来了寒意。公司发现这场关税战不会因拜登总统不撤回关税而结束，反而扩大了对中国某些产品（如先进计算芯片）的销售限制。
疫情期间供应链中断和乌克兰被俄罗斯入侵后，中国支持俄罗斯，这些都让人们意识到过度依赖中国的风险。结果，对中国的外投资出现了前所未有的转移。
原文摘要：
It was once a competitive disadvantage not to manufacture in China. The country joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, reducing barriers for international commerce, and touted low labor costs. In just a few decades, China became the factory to the world (and still is). That’s all starting to unravel.The cracks in China’s manufacturing dominance began to appear with US tariffs under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, an obscure law that gives the president the power to apply the duties without having to work through the WTO. President Donald Trump applied these tariffs liberally to Chinese goods, throwing cold water on the world trade that had spurred global growth. Companies knew this tariff war wasn’t going to subside after President Joe Biden decided against rolling back the tariffs and instead expanded restrictions on sales of items such as advanced computer chips to China.. Other wake-up calls — namely the supply-chain meltdown during the pandemic and China’s support of Russia after it invaded Ukraine — have highlighted the risk of depending too heavily on China. The result has been an unprecedented shift of foreign investment away from China..
